动态车辆阴影对公路光伏路面发电效率的影响

刘状壮; 黄宇; 程伟; 马浩然; 孙浩; 沙爱民

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.04.002

动态车辆阴影对公路光伏路面发电效率的影响

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.04.002

刘状壮^{1, 2, ,},
黄宇¹,
程伟¹,
马浩然¹,
孙浩¹,
沙爱民^{1, 2}

1.
长安大学公路学院，陕西西安 710064
2.
长安大学特殊地区公路工程教育部重点实验室，陕西西安 710064

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划 2021YFB1600201

详细信息

作者简介:
刘状壮(1986-)，男，江苏泗阳人，长安大学教授，工学博士，从事交通自洽能源系统理论与应用技术研究

通讯作者:
LIU Zhuang-zhuang (1986-), male, professor, PhD, zzliu@chd.edu.cn

中图分类号: U417.9
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- 文章访问数: 344
- HTML全文浏览量: 180
- PDF下载量: 48
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-23
- 录用日期: 2025-06-06
- 修回日期: 2025-05-07
- 刊出日期: 2025-08-28

Influence of dynamic vehicle shadows on power generation efficiency of highway photovoltaic pavements

LIU Zhuang-zhuang^{1, 2
, ,},
HUANG Yu¹,
CHENG Wei¹,
MA Hao-ran¹,
SUN Hao¹,
SHA Ai-min^{1, 2}

1.
School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
2.
Key Laboratory for Special Area Highway Engineering of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China

Funds:

National Key R&D Program of China 2021YFB1600201

Article Text (Baidu Translation)

摘要

摘要: 为研究路面车辆阴影对公路光伏路面(HPVP)发电效率的影响，通过构造36.00 m×3.20 m的理想光伏路面模型(4×12阵列)，建立了包含电池组件参数、路面参数、环境参数、车辆参数和交通参数的光伏路面发电模型；通过理论仿真，研究了太阳高度角、车辆构成、行驶速度、车流量等因素对HPVP发电效率的影响规律；通过搭建的HPVP测试平台，研究串联、并联光伏电池板组成的4×2光伏阵列阴影遮挡试验，验证光伏阵列模型和阴影遮挡模型的准确性。研究结果表明：在构造条件下，车辆行驶时的光伏路面输出功率呈现周期性波动；针对光伏路面发电效率，大型车造成的阴影遮挡不受太阳高度角影响，而小型车造成的阴影遮挡受太阳高度角影响明显；对小型车阴影遮挡影响，太阳高度角临界值为65°，当高度角大于65°时，光伏路面发电效率随着高度角的增大而增大，当高度角小于65°时，光伏路面输出功率不随高度角的变化而变化；行驶速度越快，动态阴影遮挡时间越短，光伏路面发电损失越小，当行驶速度超过70 km·h^-1后，行驶速度增加对降低发电损失效果减缓；车流量增加会导致HPVP发电损失缓慢增加，且车流量对光伏路面发电效率的影响大于车辆行驶速度的影响；极限条件下，大型车和小型车对光伏路面造成的发电最大损失分别为26.82%和11.37%；通过验证试验发现，阴影的纵向遮挡和横向遮挡下光伏路面最大发电效率仿真值的一致性分别为98.63%和98.27%。
- 交通与能源融合 /
- 基础设施能源化 /
- 发电模型 /
- 发电效率 /
- 光伏路面 /
- 阴影遮挡
Abstract: To investigate the impacts of vehicle shadows on the power generation efficiency of highway photovoltaic pavement (HPVP), a 36.00 m×3.20 m ideal photovoltaic pavement model (4×12 array) was constructed. Based on this, a photovoltaic pavement power generation model including parameters of battery component, pavement, environment, vehicle, and traffic was established. Subsequently, theoretical simulations were employed to examine the effects of solar elevation angle, vehicle composition, driving speed, traffic flow, and other factors on the power generation efficiency of HPVP. Finally, through the established HPVP test platform, the shadow occlusion experiment of a 4×2 photovoltaic array consisting of series and parallel photovoltaic panels was analyzed to validate the accuracy of the photovoltaic array model and shadow occlusion model. The results indicate that under the hypothesized conditions in this paper, the output power of the photovoltaic pavement exhibits periodic fluctuations as vehicles pass over it. In terms of photovoltaic pavement power generation efficiency, the shadow occlusion from large vehicles is independent of the solar elevation angle, whereas the one from small vehicles is significantly influenced by it. Regarding the impact of small vehicles' shadow occlusion, the critical solar elevation angle is 65°. When the elevation angle exceeds 65°, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic pavement increases with the rise in solar elevation angle. When the elevation angle is below 65°, the output power of the photovoltaic pavement remains unchanged, regardless of variations in the elevation angle. Faster driving speeds lead to shorter durations of dynamic shadow occlusion and, consequently, less power generation loss for the photovoltaic pavement. When driving speed surpasses 70 km·h^-1, the influence of further speed increase on reducing power generation loss diminishes. An increase in traffic flow results in a gradual rise in power generation loss, and the influence of traffic flow on the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic pavement is more pronounced than that of driving speed. Under extreme conditions, the maximum power generation losses of photovoltaic pavement caused by large- and small-size vehicles are 26.82% and 11.37%, respectively. Through verification tests, it is found that the simulation value consistency of the maximum power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic pavement under longitudinal and transverse shadow occlusion is 98.63% and 98.27%, respectively.
- transportation and energy integration /
- infrastructure energization /
- power generation model /
- power generation efficiency /
- photovoltaic pavement /
- shadow occlusion

HTML全文

图 1 光伏电池输出特性

Figure 1. Output characteristics of photovoltaic cells

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图 2 光伏阵列示意

Figure 2. Schematic of photovoltaic array

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图 3 光伏路面示意

Figure 3. Schematic of photovoltaic pavement

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图 4 阴影遮挡分类

Figure 4. Shadow occlusion classifies

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图 5 混合阴影遮挡分类

Figure 5. Mixed shadow occlusion classifies

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图 6 光伏阵列输出特性

Figure 6. Output characteristics of photovoltaic array

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图 7 车辆遮挡类型对光伏路面输出功率影响

Figure 7. Influence of vehicle occlusion type on photovoltaic road output power

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图 8 车辆遮挡类型对光伏路面发电量影响和发电损失

Figure 8. Influences of vehicle occlusion type on photovoltaic road power generation and power loss

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图 9 行驶速度对光伏路面输出功率影响

Figure 9. Influence of driving speed on photovoltaic road output power

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图 10 行驶速度对光伏路面发电量和发电损失影响

Figure 10. Influences of driving speed on photovoltaic road power generation and power loss

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图 11 车流量对光伏路面发电量和发电损失影响

Figure 11. Influences of traffic density on photovoltaic road power generation and power loss

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图 12 车辆构成对光伏路面发电量和发电损失影响

Figure 12. Influences of vehicle composition on photovoltaic pavement power generation and power loss

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图 13 测试装置

Figure 13. Testing device

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图 14 试验环境参数

Figure 14. Test environment parameters

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图 15 无阴影遮挡下光伏路面输出功率

Figure 15. Output power of photovoltaic pavement without shadow occlusion

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图 16 光伏阵列试验与仿真输出功率结果对比

Figure 16. Comparison of photovoltaic array test and simulation output power results

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表 1 车辆模型基本信息

Table 1. Basic information of vehicle model

车辆类型	长度/m	宽度/m	高度/m	正午平均交通量/(veh·h^-1)	阴影遮挡宽度/m	正下方遮挡面/m²
大型车(30 t厢式货车)	12.5	2.4	2.7	20	2.4	30.0
小型货车	4.8	1.8	1.5	82	1.8	8.6

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表 2 车流量与行驶速度影响对比

Table 2. Influence comparison of traffic flow and driving speed

行驶速度/(km·h^-1)	车流量/(veh·h^-1)
行驶速度/(km·h^-1)	300	600	900	1200
60	+	+	+	+
70	+	+	+	+
80	+	+	+	+
90	+	+	+	0
100	+	+	+	-
110	+	+	+	-
120	+	+	+	-

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