汽车供暖通风与空气调节系统的气动噪声和降噪技术综述

方亦; 陈婕妍; 李百成; 赵永吉; 孙亚轩

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2026.01.004

汽车供暖通风与空气调节系统的气动噪声和降噪技术综述

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2026.01.004

比亚迪汽车工业有限公司基础科学研究院，广东深圳 518118

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划 2021YFB3801800

详细信息

作者简介:
方亦(1992-)，女，陕西汉中人，工程师，工学博士，E-mail: yfangah@connect.ust.hk

通讯作者:
孙亚轩(1978-)，女，辽宁铁岭人，高级工程师，工学博士, E-mail: sun_yaxuan@byd.com

中图分类号: U270.16
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-09
- 录用日期: 2025-04-30
- 修回日期: 2025-02-22
- 刊出日期: 2026-01-28

Review on aerodynamic noise and noise reduction technologies of automotive heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system

Fundamental Science Research Institute, BYD Auto Industry Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China

Funds:

National Key R&D Program of China 2021YFB3801800

More Information

Corresponding author: SUN Ya-xuan, senior engineer, PhD, E-mail: sun-yaxuan@byd.com

Article Text (Baidu Translation)

摘要

摘要: 针对汽车供暖通风与空气调节系统的气动噪声问题, 从行业基准管道、实体风道、空调系统自由场运行和空调系统车内运行4个方面, 介绍了当前车载空调气动噪声的研究现状和研究成果; 分析了空调系统气动噪声源和产生机理; 针对空调系统的关键部件, 探讨了其降噪措施; 展望了未来的研究方向和发展趋势。结果表明: 汽车空调噪声的主要声源为表面偶极子声源, 主要分布在风机叶轮、蜗壳、扩散段、风道、风门以及出口格栅处; 风机所产生的噪声包括叶轮旋转引起的单频噪声以及由于叶片旋转导致气流与周围蜗壳等固体表面撞击形成的宽频噪声, 可通过叶轮和蜗舌结构优化、吸声材料铺设、主动降噪技术等方式进行噪声控制; 除了上游风机箱体产生的传播噪声, 风道自身也会产生气动噪声, 其主要由内部弯角和截面变化等产生流动分离或涡流造成, 可通过优化风道构型以平顺气流和减小局部压力损失、使用吸声材料或结构提升管道传递损失、采用主动降噪技术抵消原有噪声, 以进行风道降噪; 出风口处气流撞击风门和格栅, 产生噪声并直接向人耳处辐射, 调整出风口形状、设计仿生格栅以及在出风口布置主动降噪装置均有助于噪声降低; 此外还可通过调整整车内饰材料以获得更佳的声环境, 提升听感体验。
- 汽车工程 /
- 气动噪声 /
- 综述 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 试验测试 /
- 供暖通风与空气调节系统 /
- 噪声控制
Abstract: Aiming at the aerodynamic noise problem of the automobile heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system (HVAC), the current research status and research achievements were introduced from the four aspects, including the benchmark duct, the actual ventilation duct, the HVAC system operated in a free field and the system operated inside an automobile. The aerodynamic noise sources and generation mechanisms of the HVAC system were analyzed. The noise reduction measures were discussed for the key components of the HVAC system. The future research directions and development trends were proposed. The results indicated that the main sound sources of noise in the automobile HVAC system are surface dipole sound sources. These sound sources are mainly distributed at the blower impeller, volute, diffuser section, ventilation duct, air flap, and outlet grille. The noise generated by the blower is composed of tonal noise caused by the impeller rotation and broadband noise caused by the interactions between the airflow and surrounding solid surfaces such as the volute. Noise control is achieved through structural optimizations of the impeller and volute tongue, installation of sound-absorbing materials, and implementation of active noise control (ANC) technology. In addition to the propagated noise generated by the upstream blower housing, aerodynamic noise is also generated by the ventilation duct itself. This noise is mainly caused by flow separation or vortex generation induced by internal bends and cross-section variations. Ventilation duct noise reduction is achieved by optimization of the duct configuration to smooth the airflow and reduce local pressure loss, by use of sound-absorbing materials or structures to increase duct transmission loss, and by application of ANC technology to cancel the original noise. At the outlet, noise is generated by the airflow impacting the air flap and grille, and direct radiation toward the human ear is produced. Noise reduction is achieved by adjustment of the outlet shape, by design of bionic grilles, and by installation of ANC devices at the outlet. In addition, a better acoustic environment is obtained by adjustment of the interior materials of the vehicle cabin, and auditory comfort is improved.
- automotive engineering /
- aerodynamic noise /
- review /
- numerical simulation /
- experimental test /
- heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system /

HTML全文

图 1 空调系统的构成

Figure 1. Configuration of HVAC system

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图 2 基准风道流场研究结果

Figure 2. Research result of flow filed of benchmark ventilation duct

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图 3 基准风道远场声压级研究结果

Figure 3. Research result of far-field sound pressure level of benchmark ventilation duct

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图 4 基准风道声场与远场声压级研究结果

Figure 4. Research result of acoustic field and far-field sound pressure level of benchmark ventilation duct

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图 5 空调系统气动噪声的研究阶段

Figure 5. Research stages on aerodynamic noise of HVAC system

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图 6 空调系统出风口及实际风道模拟仿真结果

Figure 6. Numerical simulation results of outlet and actual ventilation ducts of HVAC system

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图 7 空调系统风道所产生的气动噪声的测试装置照片

Figure 7. Pictures of experimental set-up of aerodynamic noise generated by HAVC system ventilation ducts

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图 8 空调系统风道所产生气动噪声的测试装置示意

Figure 8. Experimental set-up schematic of aerodynamic noise generated by HAVC system ventilation ducts

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图 9 柯尔表面声功率分布(单位: dB)

Figure 9. Distribution of Curle surface acoustic power (unit: dB)

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图 10 空调噪声向简化舱内辐射的研究结果

Figure 10. Research result of HVAC noise radiated in a simplified cabin

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图 11 空调系统辐射的舱内噪声研究

Figure 11. Research on cabin noise radiated from HVAC system

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图 12 空调风机对舱内噪声的影响研究

Figure 12. Research on influence of HVAC blower on cabin noise

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图 13 原模型和优化模型流场及湍动能

Figure 13. Flow filed and turbulence kinetic energy of original model and optimized model

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图 14 通过在空调风道整流的降噪方法

Figure 14. Noise reduction methods via smoothing flow in HVAC ventilation ducts

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图 15 空调风道被动降噪方法^{[52, 56-57]}

Figure 15. Passive noise reduction methods of HVAC ventilation duct^{[52, 56-57]}

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图 16 空调风道出风口降噪方法

Figure 16. Noise reduction methods of HVAC ventilation duct outlet

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