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摘要: 大风浪中船舶安全性评估问题是航海人员和海事管理部门都十分重视的研究课题。寻找使用方便且行之有效的大风浪中船舶安全性评估方法也一直是交通运输安全保障方向的研究人员所追求的目的之一。通过对各种大风浪中船舶安全性评估方法较为全面的介绍和总结, 对各种方法的优缺点进行了比较分析, 并提出了今后研究工作的方向和重点Abstract: Safety assessment for ships under heavy sea is a very important topic to learn for both deck officers and marine authorities.Seeking for safety assessment methods that are easy to operate is one of the most important aims for researchers. This paper comprehensively introduced and summarized different kind methods of safety assessment for ships under heavy sea, a comparative analysis for both their merits and demerits was given, and the orientation and focal point for the future research was pointed out.
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Key words:
- ship /
- heavy sea /
- safety /
- assessment /
- review
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图 1 操船环境危险度隶属函数曲线
Figure 1. Curve of the attaching function of manoeuvring environment risk degree
表 1 部分船舶耐波性标准
Table 1. Seakeeping standards of some ships
来源 项目 参考文献[6] 参考文献[7] 参考文献[8] 横摇 < 15°, 0.05 ≤20° ≤15° 纵摇 < 5°, 0.05 ≤10° < 3.6°, 0.05 升沉 < 2 m, 0.05 ≤2.5 m < 3 m, 0.05 船首加速度 ≤0.69 g, 0.05 ≤0.64 m/s2 ≤0.81 g, 0.05 砰击 M(F砰)20 < 2.64T平 0.05 1次/分, 0.05 甲板淹湿 M(Y淹)20 < 2.64H首 ≤30次/h M(Y淹) < L/10, 0.05 允许航速 V≤V静[1-(m/L+N)] ΔV/V0≤0.2 偏转 < 15, 0.05 稳性 M倾≥0.8M横, h稳≥0 纵向波浪弯矩 M弯 < M0, 0.01 0.01 注: 未考虑直升飞机起降; 文献[[7]]对象为鱼船。 
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表 2 波高与船舶运动特征量的相关系数
Table 2. Correlated coefficient of wave height and ship's movement
波高 船首上下动 横摇角 纵摇角 首摇角速度 纵荡加速度 垂荡加速度 横荡加速度 波高 1 0.864 0.587 0.842 0.747 0.626 0.609 0.594 船首上下动 1 0.411 0.562 0.494 0.427 0.475 0.454 横摇角 1 0.617 0.736 0.381 0.578 0.854 纵摇角 1 0.805 0.769 0.734 0.688 首摇角速度 1 0.713 0.617 0.751 纵荡加速度 1 0.726 0.571 垂荡加速度 1 0.841 横荡加速度 1
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表 3 船舶运动特征量的平均值与最大值的相互关系
Table 3. Relations between the average and the maximum of ship's movement
波高 风速 横摇角 纵摇角 垂荡 纵荡 相关系数 0.967 0.910 0.964 0.929 0.981 0.802 比(平均) 1.58 1.34 2.64 3.45 3.29 3.54
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表 4 各种大风浪中船舶安全性评估方法
Table 4. Different way of assessment for ship's safety under heavy sea
方法 优点 缺点 使用范围 单项指标评估 简便易行, 使用价值高 分析不全面 船上人员估算使用 耐波性指数评估 理论依据充分, 因素分析全面, 过程清晰 船舶运动模拟计算误差较大, 准确性不高 理论分析使用 实际运动状况纪录 资料真实可靠, 准确性高 成本过高, 推广难度大 个别实验研究使用 船舶参数表达耐波性 经济, 使用简便 过程不清晰 理论估计分析使用 危险度模糊评价 方便, 实用性强 目前研究对影响因素分析不够全面, 过程不够清晰 进一步开发后, 可在船上使用
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