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摘要: 采用实验心理学与对比分析的方法, 利用注意分配测试仪测试一定数量驾驶员的注意分配特性, 确定了其阈值。研究了高等级公路上连续驾驶一段时间后驾驶员注意分配特性的变化规律, 建立了连续驾驶时间与注意分配指标间关系模型, 分析了注意分配特性对行车安全的影响。分析结果表明: 驾驶员注意分配数据与事故次数间存在着有序的对应关系, 不同性别驾驶员的注意分配特性无显著性差异, 男女驾驶员的注意分配特性随年龄增长显著降低, 驾驶员注意分配值与连续驾驶时间存在显著意义的负相关关系, 因此, 可用注意分配指标评价驾驶员的驾驶能力, 确定驾驶服务时间。Abstract: The method of experimental psychology and the way of comparative analysis were used.The attention assignment characteristics of drivers were measured by attention assignment instrument, and the threshold value of attention assignment indicator was determined.The variations of driver attention assignment characteristics were studied in different periods of driving times.The relational model between continuous driving time and attention assignment indicator was established.The influence of attention assignment characteristics on driving safety was analyzed.Analysis result shows that there is a corresponding relation between the attention assignment data of drivers and accident numbers.Attention assignment characteristics have no significant difference between men and women.With the increase of age, the value of attention assignment characteristic decreases significantly.There is a negative correlation between the value of attention assignment and continuous driving time.Then the indicator of attention assignment can be used to appraise diving ability and determine safe driving time.
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图 3 连续驾驶时间与注意分配值间关系
Figure 3. Relation between continuous driving time and attention assignment value
图 4 疲劳程度与注意分配值间关系
Figure 4. Relation between fatigue degreeand attention assignment value
表 1 正态分布检验
Table 1. Normal distribution test
测评指标 均值 标准差 D值 样本数 显著性水平 注意分配值 0.636 3 0.084 7 0.11 326 < 0.01 
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表 2 显著性检验
Table 2. Significance test
测评指标 事故多发组 安全组 显著性水平P 注意分配值Q 0.59±0.09 0.78±0.16 < 0.01
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表 3 驾驶员年龄与性别对注意分配特性影响
Table 3. Influences of ages and sexes of drivers on attention assignment characteristics
年龄组/岁 男 女 t值 P 均值 标准差 均值 标准差 18~24 0.706 0.112 0.709 0.121 0.65 > 0.05 25~34 0.697 0.089 0.689 0.094 0.34 > 0.05 35~44 0.693 0.102 0.687 0.097 0.52 > 0.05 45~54 0.675 0.097 0.678 0.106 0.43 > 0.05 ≥55 0.672 0.127 0.675 0.120 0.18 > 0.05
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表 4 注意分配指标阈值范围
Table 4. Threshold ranges of attention assignment indicators
评价等级 优秀 良好 一般 较差 差 注意分配值Q 0.70~1.00 0.60~0.69 0.55~0.59 0.50~0.54 ≤0.49
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表 5 相关性检验结果
Table 5. Result of relevant examination
测评指标 样本量 注意分配值 相关系数R 显著性水平P 连续驾驶时间 108 -0.896 < 0.01 主观疲劳程度 108 -0.795 < 0.01
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表 6 注意分配测评结果
Table 6. Test result of attention assignment
连续驾驶时间/min 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 注意分配值Q 0.69 0.65 0.61 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.51 评价等级 良好 良好 良好 一般 一般 较差 较差
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