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摘要: 从局部角度与整体角度对城市轨道交通网络性能进行了综合分析。从局部角度, 分析了轨道交通网络二线、三线和四线的基本组成功能单元, 并提出采用换乘次数、路网吸引区覆盖强度和换乘站的负荷强度等指标对各功能单元进行评价。从整体角度, 运用复杂网络理论, 在SpaceP拓扑空间中, 采用节点的度、群集系数和平均路径长度等参数来研究轨道交通网络的性能, 并从网络拓扑本身来认识网络特性。研究结果表明: 轨道交通网络最基本的形式为放射、交叉、环形, 三角与环形、三角与三角及多三角都是较为理想的复合形式; 在北京市轨道交通网络中, 随节点的度增大, 其概率分布呈先增加后减小趋势, 群集系数等于1的站点较多, 网络中直达站点和换乘1次就可完成出行站点之和超过了总数的80%, 可认为该网络出行较便捷。Abstract: The characteristics of urban rail network were comprehensively studied from part and overall perspectives.From part perspective, the 2-line, 3-line and 4-line basic units of urban rail transit network were analyzed.Indicators such as transfer times, coverage intensity of attraction zone and load of transfer station were proposed to evaluate each basic unit.From overall perspective, complex network theory was used, and in topological Space P, indicators such as the degree, clustering coefficient of node and average path length were proposed to characterize overall network, and network characteristics were understood from topological network.Analysis result shows that the basic units of urban rail transit network are radiation, cross and ring.Triangle with ring, triangle with triangle and multiple triangles are relatively ideal complex forms.In the urban rail network of Beijing, with the increase of node degree, its probability distribution follows the trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The clustering coefficients of many stations are 1, and travels with no more than one time transfer are more than 80%, so the current rail network of Beijing is comparatively convenient.
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图 8 节点间最短路径长度累计分布概率
Figure 8. Cumulative probability distribution of shortest path lengths between nodes
表 1 两线基本功能单元图示及指标计算
Table 1. Graphs and indicator calculations of 2-line basic units
表 2 三线基本功能单元图示及指标计算
Table 2. Graphs and indicator calculations of 3-line basic units
表 3 四线基本功能单元圉示及指标计算
Table 3. Graphs and indicator calculations of 4-line basic units
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