Comparison method of energy transfer characteristics for fault detection of vehicle suspension spring
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摘要: 利用弹簧刚度对悬挂传递函数的频移特性, 提出一种车辆悬挂弹簧故障动态检测的新方法。对悬挂弹簧安装处的车体和构架垂向振动加速度信号分别进行7层谐波小波包分解, 计算了8个低尺度的能量, 在同一尺度上, 将车体和构架的加速度能量相除得到悬挂的尺度能量传递特性, 提出相邻时段对应悬挂尺度能量传递特性的比较方法, 进行悬挂弹簧的故障检测。检测结果表明: 当悬挂弹簧刚度蜕变时, 其传递特性向高尺度变化, 与检测机理分析得出的传递特性向低频率变化的分析结论一致, 同时能够检测刚度蜕变10%的悬挂故障, 因此, 该方法可靠性高, 具有一定的工程适应性。Abstract: The frequency shift characteristics of suspension transfer function under different spring stiffnesses were analyzed, and a new dynamic detecting method of vehicle suspension spring fault was developed.The vertical vibration accelerations of car body and bogie at the locations installed with suspension springs were respectively decomposed by seven-layer harmonic wavelet packet, and the eight low scales energies were calculated.The suspension's scale energy transfer characteristics were got through the division of car body and frame acceleration energies in each scale.The comparison method of suspension's scale energy transfer characteristics in adjacent periods was constructed to achieve the failure detection of suspension spring.Detection result shows that suspension's energy transfer characteristic changes to high scale due to spring stiffness metamorphosis, which is consistent with the conclusion drawn from the detection mechanism analysis to low frequency change, and the method correctly detects suspension failure with 10% stiffness metamorphosis.Therefor, the method has high reliability and good engineering applicability.
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图 4 车速为200km·h-1时车体垂向振动加速度时间历程
Figure 4. Time history of car body vertical vibration acceleration at 200km·h-1
图 5 车速为250km·h-1时车体垂向振动加速度时间历程
Figure 5. Time history of car body vertical vibration acceleration at 250km·h-1
图 6 车速为200km·h-1时构架垂向振动加速度时间历程
Figure 6. Time history of frame vertical vibration acceleration at 200km·h-1
图 7 车速为250km·h-1时构架垂向振动加速度时间历程
Figure 7. Time history of frame vertical vibration acceleration at 250km·h-1
图 8 车速为200km·h-1时不同时段的平均能量传递尺度
Figure 8. Average energy transfer scales at different periods and 200km·h-1
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