Radial temperature difference action model of concrete-filled steel tube in natural environments
Article Text (Baidu Translation)
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摘要: 为提出适用于自然环境下钢管混凝土界面应力计算的温度作用模式，制作了4个不同走向和倾角的钢管混凝土构件进行温度场试验；基于实测数据建立精确的温度场数值计算有限元模型，采用实测数据分析了各构件不同方向径向温差分布及变化规律，并结合有限元计算结果对径向温差的径向分布和环向分布进行拟合，提出了简化的二维径向温差作用模式，最后对三维温度场、径向温差作用模式和规范竖向温度梯度模式计算的温度变形和应力进行对比。研究结果表明：径向温差的径向和环向分布均具有明显的非线性分布特征，径向正温差主要受太阳辐射强度的影响，而径向负温差同气温骤降相关，实测径向正温差最大值可达23.16 ℃，径向负温差最小值为-10.43 ℃；径向正温差可采用径向幂函数和环向的改进一维高斯分布之积描述，径向负温差分布可用径向幂函数和径向温差最小值之积表征；相较于规范竖向温度梯度，所提出的径向温差作用模式在钢管混凝土温度效应特别是界面温度应力计算方面更加精确，温度作用下界面法向应力最大值可达0.79 MPa，可能导致钢混界面脱黏甚至脱空。提出的钢管混凝土径向温差作用模式能够准确评估温度的不利影响，为钢管混凝土界面设计提供支持。Abstract: To propose a temperature action model for calculating the interface stress of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) in natural environments, four CFST components with different orientations and inclinations were fabricated for temperature field tests. Based on the measured data, a refined finite element model (FEM) was established for the numerical calculation of the temperature field. The radial temperature difference distribution and variation in different directions were analyzed using the measured data, and the radial distribution and circumferential distribution of radial temperature difference were fitted by the finite element calculation results and measured data. Finally, a comparison was made on the temperature deformation and stress calculated by the three-dimensional temperature field, radial temperature difference action model, and vertical temperature gradient model in the specification. Research results show that the radial and circumferential distributions of the radial temperature difference exhibit significant nonlinear distribution characteristics. The radial positive temperature difference is mainly influenced by solar radiation intensity, while the radial negative temperature difference is related to abrupt changes in air temperature. The measured maximum radial positive temperature difference can reach 23.16 ℃, and the minimum radial negative temperature difference is -10.43 ℃. The radial positive temperature difference can be described by the product of the radial power function and an improved one-dimensional Gaussian distribution in the circumferential direction, while the distribution of radial negative temperature difference can be characterized by the product of the radial power function and the minimum radial temperature difference. The proposed radial temperature difference action model is more precise than the vertical temperature gradient in the specification in the calculation of temperature effects in CFST, especially in the interface temperature stress. The maximum normal stress at the interface can reach 0.79 MPa under temperature action, which may lead to debonding or void of the steel-concrete interface. The proposed radial temperature difference action model can accurately assess the adverse effects of temperature, which provides support for the design of CFST interfaces.
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图 8 有限元计算结果与实测温度对比
Figure 8. Comparison of temperature between finite element calculation and measurement
图 10 实测径向温差分布日变化
Figure 10. Daily variation of measured radial temperature difference distribution
图 13 径向温差拟合曲线与实测值对比
Figure 13. Comparison of radial temperature difference between fitting curve and measured data
图 15 径向正温差环向分布对比
Figure 15. Comparison of circumferential distribution of radial positive temperature difference
图 16 径向温差简化分布模式
Figure 16. Simplified distribution model of radial temperature difference
图 20 径向正温差分布对比
Figure 20. Comparison of radial positive temperature difference distribution
表 1 材料热工参数
Table 1. Thermal parameters of material
热工参数 钢材 混凝土 密度/(kg·m-3) 7 850 2 590 比热容/(J·kg-1·℃-1) 475 898 热传导系数/(W·m-1·℃-1) 55.0 2.9 吸收率 0.6 辐射率 0.8 
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表 2 实测最大/最小径向温差
Table 2. Measured maximum or minimum radial temperature difference
构件 方位 最大径向正温差 最小径向负温差 日期 时间 实测值/℃ 日期 时间 实测值/℃ C-0-SN 顶部 2017年3月16日 13:00 18.22 2017年8月3日 21:00 -10.20 底部 2018年4月2日 14:00 7.80 2017年8月3日 21:00 -8.45 西侧 2017年2月12日 15:00 16.84 2017年8月3日 21:00 -8.70 东侧 2017年7月11日 12:00 11.84 2017年8月3日 21:00 -9.00 C-45-SN 顶部 2017年3月16日 13:00 23.16 2017年8月3日 20:00 -10.43 底部 2017年5月18日 12:00 5.26 2017年8月3日 20:00 -6.36 西侧 2017年2月12日 16:00 19.94 2017年8月3日 21:00 -8.31 东侧 2017年3月16日 12:00 11.68 2017年8月3日 20:00 -8.68 C-90-SN 顶部 2017年1月24日 13:00 20.17 2017年8月3日 20:00 -8.35 底部 2018年5月14日 17:00 8.01 2018年6月30日 20:00 -7.97 西侧 2017年2月18日 16:00 13.19 2018年6月30日 20:00 -7.65 东侧 2017年3月1日 11:00 9.43 2017年8月3日 21:00 -5.28 C-0-EW 顶部 2018年5月14日 13:00 19.62 2017年8月3日 21:00 -9.69 底部 2018年4月2日 13:00 6.67 2017年8月3日 21:00 -6.70 北侧 2018年6月20日 13:00 6.52 2018年6月30日 20:00 -9.62 南侧 2017年1月24日 13:00 20.67 2017年8月3日 20:00 -9.66
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表 3 径向温差径向拟合参数
Table 3. Radial fitting parameters of radial temperature difference
构件 方位 径向正温差 径向负温差 R1, θ/℃ pθ R2 RMSE/℃ R2, θ/℃ nθ $\bar{n}_\theta$ R2 RMSE/℃ C-0-SN 顶部 17.59 2.1 0.993 0.28 -10.20 2.6 2.6 0.996 0.23 底部 7.08 4.1 0.992 0.64 -8.45 2.8 0.999 0.09 东侧 8.09 4.2 0.993 0.32 -8.70 2.7 0.996 0.21 西侧 11.00 1.9 0.991 0.41 -9.00 2.4 0.979 0.48 C-45-SN 顶部 23.11 1.9 0.998 0.10 -10.43 2.1 2.4 0.995 0.27 底部 2.07 5.1 0.994 0.47 -6.17 2.5 0.970 0.39 东侧 9.83 3.0 0.998 0.11 -8.13 2.7 0.961 0.61 西侧 9.62 2.1 0.999 0.21 -8.68 2.2 0.989 0.33 C-90-SN 顶部 19.01 1.8 0.994 0.21 -6.53 2.1 2.1 0.990 0.23 底部 2.16 6.0 0.996 0.58 -5.92 2.7 0.952 0.48 东侧 6.77 2.4 0.997 0.11 -6.21 2.2 0.993 0.19 西侧 7.35 1.9 0.999 0.51 -5.05 1.6 0.995 0.13 C-0-EW 顶部 18.05 2.0 0.994 0.35 -9.69 2.0 2.2 0.984 0.44 底部 6.67 2.9 0.999 0.61 -6.70 2.4 0.994 0.19 北侧 5.00 5.2 0.983 0.12 -8.40 2.5 0.976 0.46 南侧 15.23 1.6 0.998 0.27 -9.08 2.1 0.973 0.55
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表 4 径向温差环向拟合参数
Table 4. Circumferential fitting parameters of radial temperature difference
构件 径向正温差 径向负温差 R1, max/℃ R1, min/℃ θmax/(°) a R2 RMSE/℃ R2, min/℃ RMSE/℃ C-0-SN 16.18 0.72 194.1 98.9 0.991 0.52 -2.78 0.10 C-45-SN 16.11 3.06 155.3 89.7 0.988 0.50 -1.92 0.05 C-90-SN 8.96 1.77 251.8 82.4 0.998 0.10 -1.99 0.09 C-0-EW 16.07 0.77 195.5 86.7 0.998 0.25 -2.44 0.45
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表 5 钢管混凝土温度试验
Table 5. Temperature test of CFST
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表 6 温度效应详细对比结果
Table 6. Detailed comparison results of temperature effect
温度作用 位置/(°) 竖向变形 截面应力 界面法向应力 界面环向应力 界面切向应力 数值/mm 误差/% 数值/MPa 误差/% 数值/MPa 误差/% 数值/MPa 误差/% 数值/MPa 误差/% 三维温度场 0 0.010 -12.10 -0.52 0.38 -0.31 90 0.010 -7.55 -0.59 0.44 -0.09 180 0.035 -15.81 -0.79 -0.77 0.77 270 0.004 -7.46 -0.63 0.35 0.13 径向温差模式 0 0.010 0 -9.56 -21 -0.47 -10 0.26 -32 -0.26 -16 90 0.010 0 -11.10 47 -0.68 15 0.43 -2 -0.13 44 180 0.030 -14 -18.10 14 -0.88 11 -0.85 10 0.86 12 270 0.003 -25 -10.94 47 -0.67 6 0.50 43 0.17 31 规范温度梯度 0 0.005 -50 -4.59 -62 -0.12 -77 0.13 -66 -0.13 -58 90 0.005 -50 1.23 -116 -0.10 -83 0.05 -89 -0.04 -56 180 0.010 -71 -16.92 7 -0.64 -19 -0.01 -99 1.18 53 270 0.005 25 1.23 -116 -0.10 -84 0.05 -86 0.05 -62
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