Train-induced noise limit on station platform of urban rail transit
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摘要: 为开展中国国家标准《城市轨道交通车站站台声学要求和测量方法》的修订工作，确定合理的站台噪声烦恼度限值，采用主观评价与客观测量相结合的方法，将车站工作人员的主观感受纳入限值确定依据之中。对中国4个城市的337个车站开展了站台噪声测量，向车站工作人员发放噪声烦恼度调查问卷并回收有效样本4 211份。通过逻辑斯蒂函数拟合，建立了等效声压级与烦恼度主观评分及不同程度烦恼度百分比的暴露-响应关系。研究结果表明：约18%的受访者主观反馈对噪声高度烦恼，且烦恼度评分随年龄和每周在站台工作时长增加而上升；在所测站台中，超过95%的平均声压级介于65~85 dB(A)，其中9.2%和1.5%的站台平均声压级分别超过80 dB(A)和85 dB(A)；地面车站和高架车站的站台噪声平均水平通常高于同一条线路的地下车站；从站台类型来看，虽然统计层面上站台类型对噪声水平的影响不大，但岛式站台的噪声水平平均值和中位值均略高于侧式站台。建议将城市轨道交通车站站台等效声压级限值设定为80 dB(A)，该限值能够确保约92%的车站达标，同时使约79%的车站工作人员免于高度烦恼。对于候车时间短、流动性大的乘客，其烦恼度百分比要远低于上述结果。该推荐值已被采纳，最终被列入修订版国家标准GB/T 14227—2024。Abstract: To revise the national standard of China of Acoustical Requirement and Measurement on Station Platform of Urban Rail Transit and determine reasonable noise annoyance limits on station platforms, a method combining subjective evaluation and objective measurement was employed, and the subjective feelings of station staff were incorporated into the basis for determining the limits. Noise measurements on station platforms were carried out at 337 stations in four cities of China. Noise annoyance questionnaires were distributed to station staff, and 4 211 valid samples were collected. Through logistic function fitting, an exposure-response relationship was established between the equivalent sound pressure level (SPL) and subjective annoyance scores, as well as the annoyance percentage at different levels. The results indicate that approximately 18% of the respondents subjectively report being highly annoyed by noise, and the subjective annoyance scores increase with age and weekly working hours at the platform. The average SPL of over 95% of the measured platforms are between 65 and 85 dB(A), among which, the average SPL of 9.2% and 1.5% platforms exceeds 80 and 85 dB(A), respectively. The average noise levels on platforms at ground and elevated stations are usually higher than those at underground stations on the same line. Although platform type has little statistical effect on noise levels, the average and median noise levels of island platforms are slightly higher than those of side platforms. It is recommended to set the equivalent SPL limit for urban rail transit station platforms at 80 dB(A). This limit ensures approximately 92% of stations meet the standard and protects approximately 79% of station staff from high annoyance. For passengers with short waiting duration and high mobility, their annoyance percentage is much lower than the aforementioned results. This recommended value is included in the revised national standard GB/T 14227—2024.
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图 2 受访者对不同影响因素的烦恼度主观评分
Figure 2. Subjective ratings of respondents' annoyance towards different influencing factors
图 3 受访者年龄与烦恼度主观评分关系
Figure 3. Relationship between age and subjective rating of annoyance among respondents
图 4 受访者每周在站台工作时间与烦恼度主观评分关系
Figure 4. Relationship between the interviewee's weekly working hours at the platform and their subjective rating of annoyance
图 6 高架站台与地面站台相对于地下站台平均声压级差值
Figure 6. Average SPL difference between elevated/ground and underground platforms
图 8 声压级与烦恼度评分样本暴露-响应关系
Figure 8. Exposure-response relationship between SPL and annoyance rating sample
图 9 声压级与烦恼度百分比暴露-响应关系
Figure 9. Exposure-response relationship between SPL and annoyance percentage
图 10 高度烦恼百分比与累计达标车站占比随声压级变化关系
Figure 10. Relationship between the HA and the cumulative proportion of qualified stations with changes in SPL
表 1 问卷调查表
Table 1. Questionnaire
基本信息 性别 年龄 从事目前工作时间 每周在站台工作时间 所工作车站名称 请分别给出对以下各项内容的主观评分(0~10分：0~2分代表没有影响，3~4分代表轻微影响，5~7分代表中度影响，8~10分代表严重影响) 车站内的空气质量对您工作舒适度造成多大影响？ 地铁进出站的噪声对您工作舒适度造成多大影响？ 车站内的温度湿度对您工作舒适度造成多大影响？ 车站内的灯光对您工作舒适度造成多大影响？ 
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表 2 受访者基本信息分布(n=4 211)
Table 2. Distribution of respondents' characteristics (n=4 211)
特征项 分组 比例/% 性别 男性 43.8 女性 56.2 年龄 ≤25岁 16.81 26~30岁 28.05 31~35岁 30.90 36~40岁 18.05 41~45岁 4.20 ＞45岁 1.99 工作年限 ＜1年 1.19 1~2年 4.92 2~3年 8.12 3~4年 14.96 4~5年 9.40 ＞5年 61.41 每周站台工作时间 ≤16 h 21.50 17~24 h 17.22 25~32 h 19.46 33~40 h 26.88 41~48 h 7.77 ＞48 h 7.17
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表 3 烦恼度百分比曲线拟合参数
Table 3. Fitting parameters for annoyance percentage
ψ′ k Lc 高度烦恼 0.055 96 103.57 一般烦恼 0.051 41 75.29 轻度烦恼 0.051 19 51.16
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