Metro vehicle lateral vibration characteristics based on vehicle-equipment coupling under service conditions
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摘要: 为了降低车体的横向振动，提高长期服役过程中的地铁车辆乘坐舒适性，建立了含车下设备的地铁车辆横向动力学模型，调研了车辆行驶速度分布以及反映轮轨接触状态的等效锥度在服役条件下的动态变化规律，获得了车-设备耦合下的横向振动特性，形成了车-设备耦合的车体横向减振参数设计方法。研究结果表明：地铁车辆的服役条件会随着车辆的行驶速度和等效锥度改变而动态改变，逐渐增大的轮轨接触等效锥度会导致车辆临界速度降低，加剧车辆的横向振动，横向振动的特征频率会随行驶速度和等效锥度的提高而线性增大，其数值集中在低频1~3 Hz范围；车体与设备在横向发生振动耦合时，设备的质量与弹性悬挂刚度存在最优匹配关系，选取合适的悬挂刚度能显著降低车体的横向振动，适当增加车下设备宽度和侧滚惯量，有助于降低车体的横向振动，为了抑制车-设备的横向振动，要重视横向悬挂刚度的选取，建议选取6.0×104 N·m-1；车下设备与车体之间采用合适的弹性悬挂连接，让设备横向振动频率与车体的横向振动频率接近，利用车-设备的同频耦合振动，能够降低车体的横向振动，有利于车辆运行品质的提升。Abstract: To reduce lateral vibrations of vehicle body and improve the comfort of metro vehicles during long-term service, a lateral dynamics model of metro vehicles with underframe equipment was built. The dynamic change rules in the distribution of vehicle speed and the equivalent conicity reflecting the wheel-rail contact state under service conditions were investigated. The lateral vibration characteristics of vehicle-equipment coupling were obtained, and a parameter design method for reducing lateral vibrations in vehicle-equipment coupling was formulated. Analysis results indicate that the service conditions of metro vehicles change dynamically with the variations in vehicle speed and equivalent conicity. The critical speed of the vehicles decreases and the lateral vibrations intensifies with an increase in the equivalent conicity of wheel-rail contact. The characteristic frequency of lateral vibration increases linearly with the increase in vehicle speed and equivalent conicity, and its value is concentrated in the low-frequency range of 1-3 Hz. When vehicle body and equipment undergo lateral vibration coupling, an optimal matching relationship exists between equipment mass and elastic suspension stiffness. Selecting an appropriate suspension stiffness can significantly reduce the lateral vibrations of vehicle body. Furthermore, increasing the width and roll inertia of underframe equipment helps reduce the lateral vibrations of vehicle body. To suppress the lateral vibration of vehicle-equipment, attention should be paid to the selection of lateral suspension stiffness, which is recommended to be 6.0×104 N·m-1. The lateral vibration frequency of equipment is made close to that of vehicle body through the adoption of a proper elastic suspension connection between underframe equipment and vehicle body. The lateral vibration of vehicle body can be reduced by utilizing the same frequency coupling vibration between vehicle and equipment, thereby improving the quality of vehicle operation.
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图 1 四点悬挂对称布置的车下设备
Figure 1. Underframe equipment with four-point suspension and symmetrically arrangement
图 5 不考虑车-设备横向耦合振动时车体振动
Figure 5. Vibration of vehicle body when vehicle-equipment lateral coupling vibration is not considered
图 6 车下设备质量对车体横向振动的影响
Figure 6. Influences of underframe equipment quality on lateral vibration of vehicle body
图 7 车下设备横向悬挂刚度对车体横向振动的影响
Figure 7. Influences of lateral suspension stiffness of underframe equipment on lateral vibration of vehicle body
图 8 车下设备尺寸和转动惯量对车体横向振动的影响
Figure 8. Influences of underframe equipment dimensions and moment of inertia on lateral vibration of vehicle body
图 9 辅助逆变器箱横向悬挂刚度对车体横向振动的影响
Figure 9. Influences of lateral suspension stiffness of auxiliary inverter box on lateral vibration of vehicle body
图 10 辅助逆变器箱横、纵向悬挂刚度对车体横向振动的影响
Figure 10. Influences of lateral and vertical suspension stiffnesses of auxiliary inverter box on lateral vibration of vehicle body
图 11 不同工况下车-设备弹性连接的减振评价指标
Figure 11. Vibration reduction evaluation index of vehicle-equipment elastic connection under different conditions
表 1 某地铁车辆车下设备(辅助逆变器箱)参数
Table 1. Parameters of underframe equipment (auxiliary inverter box) of a certain metro vehicle
参数 含义 数值 Me 设备质量/kg 1 220 Iex 设备侧滚惯量/(kg·m2) 95.93 Iez 设备摇头惯量/(kg·m2) 257.99 Kex、Key、Kez 纵、横、垂向节点刚度(刚性)/ (N·m-1) 1.0×109 Kex、Key 纵、横向节点刚度(弹性)/(N·m-1) 1.0×106 Cex、Cey、Cez 纵、横、垂向节点阻尼(刚性)/ (N·s·m-1) 1.0×10-3 Cex、Cey 纵、横向节点阻尼(弹性)/(N·s·m-1) 1.0×103 Le 设备悬挂纵向间距之半/m 0.7 We 设备悬挂横向间距之半/m 0.38 He 设备的高度/m 0.605 H 设备悬挂与车-设备的垂向距离/m 0.495 
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