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摘要: 采用颗粒力学的基本理论分析了颗粒相互作用时的运动规律, 以沥青混合料堆积形成的休止角建立沥青混合料离析模型, 推导出沥青混合料的离析势能指数计算公式, 开发了沥青混合料离析测定仪, 测定了贝雷设计法公称最大粒径16 mm的离析势能指数, 并通过试验提出公称最大粒径16 mm的沥青混合料离析标准。试验结果表明: 在CA0.5级配附近, 沥青混合料的压实比约为0.40, 离析势能指数约为0.200, 两者都存在一个最小值, 且沥青混合料具有良好的压实性和工作稳定性, 在施工过程不易发生离析, 依据评价标准将沥青混合料离析划分为无离析、轻微离析、中等离析和严重离析, 该评价模型和评价标准可用于沥青混合料离析的现场检测和判别。Abstract: The behavioral laws among particles were analyzed by using the fundamental theory of particle mechanics. A segregation model of asphalt mixture was established by using the angle of repose when it was piled. The calculation equation about the segregation index of potential energy was deduced. The index instrument was developed.The segregation index for asphalt mixture with maximum nominal particle size 16 mm was detected, and the standard of the segregation index was summarized by comparing test under different temperature conditions. Test result shows that the segregation index of potential energy is about 0.200, the compaction rate is about 0.40 near CA0.5, and they have least values.The mixture holds good workability and compacted-ability, which can decrease sharply the segregation during construction. The segregation grades of asphalt mixture are divided into no segregation, low segregation, middle segregation and high segregation in view of the standard. So the evaluated model and standard can be used to detect and differentiate the segregation of asphalt mixture at the spot.
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表 1 离析势能指数试验结果
Table 1. Test result of segregation potential energy index
筛孔尺寸/mm 不同级配类型的分计筛余百分率/% CA0.2 CA0.4 CA0.5 CA0.6 CA0.7 CA0.8 16~19 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 13.2~16 19.2 13.6 11.5 9.6 8.2 6.9 9.5~13.2 24.2 18.7 16.5 14.3 12.2 10.5 4.75~9.5 15.6 26.7 31.0 35.1 38.6 41.6 2.36~4.75 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6 1.18~2.36 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 0.6~1.18 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 0.3~0.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 0.15~0.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.075~0.15 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 0~0.075 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 沥青用量/% 5 5 5 5 5 5 离析势能指数 0.191 0.186 0.181 0.200 0.210 0.214 
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表 2 沥青混合料路用性能
Table 2. Pavement performances of asphalt mixtures
级配类型 空隙率/% 稳定度/kN 流值/mm 动稳定度/ (次·mm-1) 旋转压实比 离析势能指数 CA0.2 3.47 9.30 2.34 5 386 0.43 0.191 CA0.4 3.59 10.68 2.58 5 013 0.40 0.186 CA0.6 4.64 9.50 2.65 4 662 0.40 0.200 CA0.8 5.45 8.81 1.90 4 045 0.48 0.214
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表 3 不同温度下的离析势能指数
Table 3. Segregation potential energy indices at different temperatures
温度区间/℃ 测量温度/℃ 内盘质量/g 外盘质量/g 离析势能指数 离析势能指数平均值 120~129 125 5 368.5 1 631.5 0.233 0.239 121 5 313.5 1 686.5 0.241 127 5 299.0 1 701.0 0.243 130~139 134 5 402.0 1 598.0 0.228 0.229 131 5 395.0 1 605.0 0.229 130 5 387.0 1 613.0 0.230 140~149 140 5 659.0 1 341.0 0.192 0.197 143 5 633.0 1 367.0 0.195 146 5 574.0 1 426.0 0.204 150~159 151 5 634.0 1 366.0 0.195 0.184 157 5 737.5 1 262.5 0.180 157 5 755.0 1 245.0 0.178
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表 4 离析标准
Table 4. Segregation standard
离析类别 无离析 轻微离析 中等离析 严重离析 离析势能指数 SPI≤0.200 0.200 < SPI≤0.220 0.220 < SPI≤0.240 SPI > 0.240
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