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摘要: 基于中国铁路组织机构的特点和应急救援现状, 提出了铁路救援基地的层级网络建设理念。分析了现有铁路救援基地多目标规划选址模型的不足, 将铁路救援基地分为枢纽救援基地和快速救援基地。以最小救援基地总成本和最短救援响应时间为双目标函数, 以最大服务距离为约束条件, 建立了铁路救援基地多目标层级规划选址模型。采用层次分析法、灰色关联分析与线性参考技术等方法抽象模型参数, 采用蚁群算法求解模型, 并将计算结果与现有的救援决策方案进行对比。研究结果表明: 应用提出的模型, 通过抽象模型参数, 可得到26个救援基地备选点、61个服务需求点与188条路径; 在完全覆盖事故风险的情况下, 救援基地数量减少3个, 节约成本约240万元, 总救援响应时间、最大平均救援响应时间和最小平均救援响应时间分别降低0.04、0.46、0.29 h。Abstract: Based on the characteristic of organization institution and the existing situation of emergency rescue for Chinese railway, the construction concept of hierarchy network for railway rescue center was proposed. The deficiency of existing multi-objective planning location model for railway rescue center was analyzed, and railway rescue center was divided into hub rescue center and fast rescue center. The minimum total cost of rescue center and the shortest rescue response time were taken as double objective functions, the maximum service distance was taken as constraint condition, and the multi-objective hierarchical planning location model was put out.Several methods such as analytic hierarchy process(AHP), gray relational analysis and linear reference technology were used to Abstract model parameters, the proposed model was solved by using ant colony optimization(ACO), and the existing rescue decision scheme and the calculation result of proposed model were compared. Research result shows that by using the proposed model, there are 26 preparation points of rescue center, 61 service demand points and 188 paths through parameter Abstraction.When accident risk is completely covered, the number of rescue centers decreases by 3, the cost decreases by 2 400 000 yuan, and the total rescue response time, the maximum average rescue response time and the minimum average rescue response time decrease by 0.04, 0.46, 0.29 h respectively.
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表 1 救援列车参数
Table 1. Parameters of rescue trains
类型 参数 运行速度/(km·h-1) 起重能力/t 救援半径/km 60 t固定臂 ≤80 60 150 100 t固定臂 80 100 200 160 t固定臂 85 160 200 160 t伸缩臂 120 160 200 
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表 2 影响因素权重
Table 2. Weights of influence factors
项目 A1 A2 A3 A4 权重 0.56 0.26 0.12 0.06 重要程度值 4 3 2 1
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表 3 影响因素等级划分
Table 3. Grade division of influence factors
序号 项目 子项目与等级 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ 1 机务设备分布/km ≥30 20~30 ≤20 子项目评分 4 8 12 2 线路密度/条 1 2 ≥3 子项目评分 3 6 9 3 辅助运输方式/km ≥25 1~25 ≤1 子项目评分 2 4 6 4 公共机构分布/km ≥30 20~30 ≤20 子项目评分 1 2 3
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表 4 决策方案比较
Table 4. Comparison of decision schemes
方案 参数 建设救援基地数量/个 建设管理维护成本/万元 需求点风险覆盖率/% 总救援响应时间/h 最大平均救援响应时间/h 最小平均救援响应时间/h 当前方案 14 1 180 100 1.53 2.41 0.93 本文方案 11 940 100 1.49 1.95 0.64
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