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摘要: 根据驾驶人的视认性和短时记忆理论, 分析了限速标志影响下的驾驶人自适应性和车辆的易操控性, 计算了高速公路施工区内限速标志的前置、后置和重复距离。基于高速公路施工区长度划分计算模型, 考虑了车辆排队长度、驾驶人短时记忆以及重复距离等因素, 提出了高速公路施工区限速标志位置确定方法, 并运用VISSIM仿真软件进行实例验证。仿真结果表明: 在最低限速为40 km·h-1 、大车混入率为40%条件下, 当交通量为1 400 pcu·h-1时, 一、二、三级限速标志的最小冲突率分别为0.06、0.10、0.21次·m-1, 最大冲突率分别为0.56、0.14、0.23次·m-1; 当交通量为1 960 pcu·h-1时, 三级限速标志的最小冲突率分别为0.84、0.28、0.36次·m-1, 最大冲突率分别为0.87、0.31、0.40次·m-1; 当交通量为2 240 pcu·h-1时, 三级限速标志的最小冲突率分别为0.72、0.31、0.39次·m-1, 最大冲突率分别为0.74、0.34、0.48次·m-1。Abstract: Based on the visibility and short-term memory of driver, the adaptability of driver and the controllability of vehicle under the influence of speed-limit sign were analyzed, and the front distance, post distance and repetitive distance of speed-limit sign in expressway constrution area were calculated. Based on the calculation model of length partition in expresswaywork zone, the influences such as vehicle queue length, the short-term memory of driver and repetitive distance were considered, the determintation method of speed-limit sign position in expressway work zone was proposed, and the example verification was carried out by using VISSIM simulation software. Simulation result shows that when the lowest speed-limit value is 40 km·h-1, the cart mix rate is 40% and traffic volume is 1 400 pcu·h-1, the minimum conflict rates of the first, second and third grade speed-limit signs are 0.06, 0.10 and 0.21 times·m-1, the maximum conflict rates are 0.56, 0.14 and 0.23 times·m-1. When traffic volume is 1 960 pcu·h-1, the minimum conflict rates of the three speed-limit signs are 0.84, 0.28 and 0.36 times·m-1, the maximum conflict rates of the three speed-limit signs are 0.87, 0.31 and 0.40 times·m-1. When traffic volume is 2 240 pcu·h-1, the minimum conflict rates of the three speed-limit signs are 0.72, 0.31 and 0.39 times·m-1, the maximum conflict rates of the three speed-limit signs are 0.74, 0.34 and 0.48 times·m-1.
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Key words:
- traffic safety /
- expressway work zone /
- speed-limit sign /
- visual recognition analysis /
- front distance /
- post distance
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