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摘要: 针对动力定位船舶高精度六自由度运动数学模型的需求, 研究了不规则海浪扰动的建模方法及其对船舶运动的影响, 对比了长峰波与短峰波的波面形状及其产生的波浪力和力矩; 基于傅汝德-克雷诺夫假设, 将船舶近似为箱型船, 建立了长峰和短峰不规则波对动力定位船舶产生的扰动时域模型; 基于微幅波假设和线性叠加原理, 采用中国沿海的频率谱和国际拖曳水池会议推荐的扩散函数, 建立了长峰和短峰不规则波的三维波面模型, 并对一艘动力定位船舶进行了主浪向角为90°、135°和180°的仿真验证。仿真结果表明: 长峰波和短峰波所产生的一阶波浪力均呈高频振动变化; 当主浪向角为90°时, 长峰波产生的一阶波浪纵向力、纵摇力矩、横摇力矩接近于0;当主浪向角为180°时, 长峰波产生的一阶波浪横向力、艏摇力矩、横摇力矩接近于0;长峰波产生的二阶波浪力和力矩比短峰波大19.2%;短峰波较长峰波在形状上更具有不规则性和不对称性, 短峰不规则波可对船舶在波浪中的运动产生较大影响。Abstract: Aiming at the demand of high-precision motion mathematical model with six degrees of freedom for dynamic positioning ship, the modeling method of irregular wave disturbance and its influence on ship motion were studied, and the shape, forces and moments of short-crested waves and long-crested waves were compared.Based on Froude-Krylov hypothesis, the ship was regarded as a box type ship, and the time-domain models of long-crested and short-crested irregular wave disturbance were built.Base on slight wave hypothesis and linear superposition principle, the three-dimensional models of long-crested and short-crested irregular waves were built by using Chinese coastal frequency spectra and the spreading function recommended by International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC).The simulation for a dynamic positioning ship was carried out with main wave direction angles of 90°, 135°and 180°respectively.Simulation result shows that the first-order wave forces generated by long-crested and short-crested waves show high frequency vibration changes.When main wave direction angle is 90°, the first-order wave surge force, roll moment and pitch moment of long-crested wave are close to zero.When main wave direction angle is 180°, the first-order wave sway force, yaw moment and pitch moment of long-crested wave are close to zero.The second-order forces and moments of long-crested wave are larger 19.2% than those of short-crested waves.The short-crested waves are more irregular and asymmetry than long-crested waves in shape, and the short-crested irregular waves can have greater impact on ship motion in wave.
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图 5 浪向角为90°时的三维海面
Figure 5. Three-dimensional sea surfaces when wave direction angle is 90°
图 6 浪向角为135°时的三维海面
Figure 6. Three-dimensional sea surfaces when wave direction angle is 135°
图 7 浪向角为180°时的三维海面
Figure 7. Three-dimensional sea surfaces when wave direction angle is 180°
图 8 浪向角为90°时的一阶波浪力和力矩
Figure 8. First-order wave forces and moments when wave direction angle is 90°
图 9 浪向角为135°时的一阶波浪力和力矩
Figure 9. First-order wave forces and moments when wave direction angle is 135°
图 10 浪向角为180°时的一阶波浪力和力矩
Figure 10. First-order wave forces and moments when wave direction angle is 180°
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