Deformation characteristics of cement stabilized macadam aggregate of high-speed railway in coarse-grained sulfate soil area
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摘要: 为了探究粗粒硫酸盐渍土区高速铁路路涵、桥梁等过渡段的水泥固化级配碎石在不同工况下的变形特征及其机理，基于固化路基填料的材料特点，采用0~2.5%含盐量的级配碎石，掺加不同种类及含量的水泥，开展常温下有(无)毛细水上升的变形特性试验；针对固化路基段的基床，开展基础冻融循环模拟试验，同时结合XRD试验分析变形机理；在试验的基础上，选取典型试验材料，开展冻融循环工况下的路基-构筑物模拟试验。试验结果表明：在无毛细水上升工况中，普通水泥配制的含盐级配碎石试样产生的变形可达5%特种水泥掺配试样变形的4.2倍；在有毛细水上升工况中，普通水泥配制试样产生的变形最高可达5%特种水泥掺配试样变形的33.0倍；在不同含盐量条件下，3%~5%特种水泥固化级配碎石对相应普通水泥工况产生变形(毛细水上升导致)的最低抑制率为60%~80%；在6次基础冻融循环条件下，添加普通硅酸盐水泥试样产生的最终变形是添加特种水泥试样最终变形的16.0倍；路基-构筑物冻融循环模拟试验中特种水泥固化级配碎石的最大膨胀变形率仅为0.2%；在粗粒硫酸盐渍土地区，虽然水泥固化路基填料可以减少路基其他变形，但是对于高速铁路等对变形控制要求较严格的工程，周围介质中的盐分因素较难避免，普通水泥无法满足盐渍土地区的路基工程需求，需要采取特种水泥固化等工程措施。Abstract: To explore the deformation characteristics and mechanisms of cement stabilized macadam aggregate at the culverts, bridges and other transition sections for high-speed railways under different working conditions in coarse-grained sulfate saline soil area, based on the material properties of solidified subgrade filler, the graded gravel with 0-2.5% salt content was used and mixed with different kinds and contents of cements, and the deformation characteristics tests with and without capillary water rising at normal temperature were carried out. Besides, the basic freeze-thaw cycle test of the solidified subgrade bed was performed, and the composition change was analyzed by the XRD test at the same time. Based on the test results, the typical test materials were selected to carry out the subgrade-structure model test subjected to the freeze-thaw cycle. Test results show that without capillary water supply, the deformation of the salt-bearing graded crushed stone sample prepared with ordinary cement can reach 4.2 times that of the sample mixed with 5% special cement. Particularly, with capillary water supply, the deformation of the ordinary cement mixed sample can reach 33.0 times that of the 5% special cement mixed sample. Under different salt contents, the minimum inhibition rate achieved by 3%-5% special cement stabilized graded crushed stone on the deformation reduction of corresponding ordinary cement working condition (caused by capillary water rising) is 60%-80%. Subjected to six basic freeze-thaw cycles, the final deformation of the sample with ordinary cement is 16.0 times that of the sample with high sulfate resistance cement. Under the freeze-thaw cycle condition, the maximum expansion deformation rate of stabilized macadam aggregate mixed with special cement is only 0.2% in subgrade-structure model test. In coarse-grained sulfate saline soil area, although the cement solidified subgrade filler reduces other deformations of subgrade, it is necessary to introduce special cement solidification and other engineering measures for high-speed railway and other projects with strict deformation control requirements because the surrounding salt factors are difficult to avoid and ordinary cement cannot fulfil the requirements of subgrade engineering in saline soil areas.
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Key words:
- high-speed railway /
- embankment engineering /
- solidified soil /
- sulfated saline soil /
- simulated test
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图 8 无毛细水上升工况下变形与水泥种类及其含量关系
Figure 8. Relationship between deformations and cement types and cement contents in condition of non-capillary water supply
图 9 有毛细水上升工况下变形与水泥种类及其含量关系
Figure 9. Relationship between deformations and cement types and cement contents in condition of capillary water supply
图 10 添加3%普通水泥试样变形与有(无)毛细水上升的关系
Figure 10. Relationship between deformation of sample with 3% ordinary cement and (no) capillary water supply
图 11 添加3%特种水泥试样变形与有(无)毛细水上升的关系
Figure 11. Relationship between deformation of 3% special cement sample and (no) capillary water supply
图 12 添加5%普通水泥试样变形与有(无)毛细水上升的关系
Figure 12. Relationship between deformation of sample with 5% ordinary cement and (no) capillary water supply
图 13 添加5%特种水泥试样变形与有(无)毛细水上升的关系
Figure 13. Relationship between deformation of 5% special cement sample and (no) capillary water supply
图 14 环境温度变化与添加2种水泥试样变形对比
Figure 14. Ambient temperature change and deformation comparison of samples with two kinds of cements
图 15 环境温度变化与水泥固化路基位移变化
Figure 15. Ambient temperature change and displacement change of cement solidified subgrade
表 1 水泥元素含量
Table 1. Cement element contents
水泥种类 元素含量/% 总含量/% C Al Ca Fe Mg K Na S Zn N Ti Si O 普通硅酸盐水泥 5.59 2.80 41.55 2.76 0.58 0.82 0.10 1.04 0.04 1.24 0.80 7.42 34.74 99.48 高抗硫酸盐水泥 1.75 1.54 49.73 4.78 0.30 0.66 0.09 0.96 0.20 0.00 0.70 8.38 30.14 99.43 
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表 2 水泥氧化物含量
Table 2. Cement oxide contents
水泥种类 氧化物含量/% 总含量/% SiO2 Al2O3 CaO Fe2O3 MgO K2O Na2O SO3 TiO2 普通硅酸盐水泥 17.28 7.30 64.44 5.19 0.88 0.56 1.12 2.30 0.31 99.38 高抗硫酸盐水泥 24.08 4.74 60.95 5.93 0.47 0.73 0.12 2.20 0.19 99.41
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表 3 模型试验土样参数
Table 3. Soil sample parameters in model test
层号 土层名称 模型层厚/cm 重度/(kN·m-3) 黏聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/(°) 1 杂填土 5.5 15.0 0.0 8.5 2 素填土 8.5 18.5 7.5 11.0 3 细砂 18.0 21.5 0.0 32.0 4 黏性土 23.0 19.0 31.0 18.0 5 细砂 5.0 21.5 0.0 32.0
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