Typical feature recognition of dynamic anti-migration for wireless charging vehicles in road traffic systems
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摘要: 针对无线充电车辆的动态特征识别和车辆分型问题，设计了基于车-路协同的混合电磁感应单元和地磁场感应单元的复合感应装置；在混合电磁感应单元中，为实现动态条件下的感应识别，提出了以谐振电流有效值为无线充电车辆特征的检测方法，并通过在电路拓扑中引入电场耦合与磁场耦合2种形式，同时加入高阶的双边电容电感补偿结构；为实现半开域耦合程度的量化分析，定义了线圈传输与极板传输的功率比参数，进而实现了偏移情况下的感应识别；以地磁传感器捕获不同车辆通过时的地磁场扰动信号为例，为改善非线性非平稳信号的提取效果，提出了地磁信号的集合经验模态分解(EEMD)法；引入曲线的特征向量提取法，以小型三厢轿车、中型两厢轿车、中型厢式货车和大型客车等4种车型作为典型试验样本，将不同车辆的地磁曲线信号转化为特征向量图谱，以实现车辆形状类型的判断。研究结果表明：混合电磁感应单元在测试条件下，沿线圈偏移方向的识别长度约为220 mm，垂直于线圈向外偏移方向的识别长度约为170 mm，其识别范围比单一的磁场耦合增大约62.8%；地磁场感应单元可实现长度为3.7~12.0 m、速度为2.78~16.67 m·s-1的车辆类型特征检测，通过地磁场感应单元与混合电磁感应单元相互配合，可有效提高无线充电车辆动态分型识别的可靠性，从而促进无线充电技术在道路交通电气化设施中的应用和发展。Abstract: In view of the dynamic feature recognition and classification problem of wireless charging vehicles, a composite induction device based on vehicle-road cooperation with a hybrid electromagnetic induction unit and a geomagnetic field induction unit was designed. In the hybrid electromagnetic induction unit, to realize the induction recognition under dynamic conditions, a detection method with the effective value of resonant current as the feature of wireless charging vehicles was put forward. Two forms of electric field coupling and magnetic field coupling were introduced into the circuit topology, alongside a high-order bilateral capacitor-inductor compensation structure. Additionally, to quantify the coupling degree in semi-open field scenarios, the power ratio parameters between coil transmission and plate transmission were defined, thus realizing the induction recognition under migration conditions. Geomagnetic field disturbance signals captured by geomagnetic sensors during different vehicles passage were taken as an example, and an ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method for geomagnetic signals was applied to enhance the extraction effect of nonlinear and non-stationary signals. Furthermore, by introducing a feature vector extraction method for curves and taking small three-box sedans, medium two-box sedans, medium van trucks, and large carriages as typical test samples, the geomagnetic curve signals of various vehicles were transformed into feature vector spectra to determine the vehicle shape types. Research results show that under test conditions, the recognition length of the hybrid electromagnetic induction unit in the direction of coil migration is about 220 mm, the recognition length perpendicular to the direction of outward coil migration is about 170 mm, and the recognition range increases by approximately 62.8% compared to the single magnetic field coupling. Meanwhile, the geomagnetic field induction unit can detect the characteristics of vehicles with lengths ranging from 3.7 to 12.0 m and speeds ranging from 2.78 to 16.67 m·s-1. The reliability of dynamic classification and recognition for wireless charging vehicles can be effectively enhanced by the synergistic cooperation between the geomagnetic field induction unit and the hybrid electromagnetic induction unit, thus promoting the application and development of wireless charging technology in road traffic electrification facilities.
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Key words:
- road traffic /
- wireless charging vehicle /
- electromagnetic field /
- geomagnetic field /
- migration /
- classification
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图 3 混合电磁感应电路的简化拓扑
Figure 3. Simplified topology of hybrid electromagnetic induction circuit
图 4 功率比与电容比的关系曲线
Figure 4. Relationship curves between power ratio and capacitance ratio
图 5 耦合线圈半开域状态下的3D模型与磁场矢量云图
Figure 5. 3D model and magnetic field vector cloud image of coupling coil at semi-open domain condition
图 6 传输效率随径向偏移距离变化的曲线
Figure 6. Change curve of transmission efficiency with radial offset distance
图 7 混合电磁感应的半开域耦合
Figure 7. Hybrid electromagnetic induction in a semi-open domain coupling
图 8 功率比与路侧输出电压的关系曲线
Figure 8. Relationship curve between power ratio and roadside output voltage
图 9 基于EEMD的地磁扰动信号预处理流程
Figure 9. Flow of geomagnetic disturbance signal preprocessing based on EEMD
图 11 基于EEMD的地磁扰动信号预处理
Figure 11. Geomagnetic disturbance signal preprocessing based on EEMD
图 13 双地磁传感器采集某车辆的地磁扰动信息
Figure 13. Geomagnetic disturbance information of vehicle collected by dual ground magnetic sensors
图 14 基于EEMD滤波的4种典型车型地磁扰动曲线
Figure 14. Geomagnetic disturbance curves of 4 typical vehicle models based on EEMD filtering
图 17 电容极板间的电场强度分布
Figure 17. Distribution of electric field strength between capacitor plates
图 18 电感线圈间的磁感应强度分布
Figure 18. Distribution of magnetic induction intensity between inductor coils
图 19 车载侧输入电压和路侧输出谐振电流波形
Figure 19. Waveforms of onboard input voltage and roadside output resonance current
图 20 动极板偏移距离与能量感应传输效率的变化曲线
Figure 20. Change curves of moving plate offset distance and energy induction transmission efficiency
图 22 不同车辆的地磁扰动曲线及其特征向量对比
Figure 22. Comparison of geomagnetic disturbance curves and their characteristic vectors for different vehicles
表 1 典型测试车辆的外形尺寸
Table 1. Dimensions of typical test vehicles
mm 序号 车身型式 外形尺寸：长×宽×高 1 小型三厢轿车 4 300×1 705×1 460 2 中型两厢轿车 4 733×1 839×1 673 3 中型厢式货车 6 995×2 420×3 650 4 团体客车 10 490×2 500×3 600 
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表 2 混合电磁感应电路各元件的参数值
Table 2. Parameters of hybrid electromagnetic circuit
结构参数 数值 结构参数 数值 Cf1/nF 4.26 C2/pF 394.7 Cf2/nF 5.18 CS/pF 4.5 Lf1/μH 16.53 M12/μH 58.18 Lf2/μH 13.6 N1 56 L1/μH 843.27 N2 12 L2/μH 178.42 d/mm 150 C1/pF 83.51 h/mm 180
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