Review of multimodal transport logistics engineering based on bibliometrics
Article Text (Baidu Translation)
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摘要: 为系统解构多式联运物流工程的知识谱系与研究进展，基于文献计量方法构建针对运输物流领域现有文献的结构化分析框架。通过检索CNKI数据库和Web of Science核心数据库中1995~2024年收录的运输物流主题相关文献，筛选有效样本20 125篇，涉及5 948位作者和5 969个关键词，运用CiteSpace分析多式联运物流工程知识体系的演进轨迹及前沿热点。研究结果表明：在研究视域方面，中文文献主要聚焦于城市物流与逆向物流，关注具体场景下的模型应用，英文文献侧重海运物流与供应链物流，突出理论创新；在合作格局方面，中文文献形成以交通运输类高校为主导的研究体系，但机构间合作网络较为松散，英文文献以亚洲海事高校为核心，形成跨机构、跨区域的紧密合作网络；在热点分布方面，城市物流聚焦于车辆路径问题，海运物流侧重集装箱班轮运营，逆向物流关注闭环供应链与绿色物流，场地物流重视库存管理与设施布局优化；在研究趋势方面，运输物流领域的研究热点正从传统的技术优化导向，逐步演化为以绿色发展与供应链韧性为核心的新兴研究方向。智能化、绿色化和韧性化将成为未来多式联运物流工程研究的主要趋势，推动物流行业向更高效、环保与灵活的方向迈进。Abstract: To systematically deconstruct the knowledge spectrum and research progress of multimodal transport logistics engineering, a structured analysis framework was constructed for the existing literature in the field of transport logistics based on the bibliometric method. By searching transport logistics-related literature from 1995 to 2024 throughout the CNKI database and Web of Science core database, 20 125 valid papers involving 5 948 authors and 5 969 keywords were selected. CiteSpace was applied to analyze the evolution trajectory and cutting-edge hotspots of the knowledge system of multimodal transport logistics. The results indicate that in terms of research perspectives, the Chinese publications mainly focus on urban logistics and reverse logistics, with attention paid to the model application in specific scenarios, while the English literature centers on maritime logistics and supply chain logistics, highlighting theoretical innovations. In terms of cooperation pattern, the Chinese publications form a study system dominated by the transportation-centered universities with a relatively loose inter-institutional cooperation network, while the English literature, with Asian maritime universities as the core, creates a cross-institutional, cross-regional, and close cooperation network. In terms of hotspot distribution, urban logistics studies focus on vehicle routing, maritime logistics on container liner operation, reverse logistics on closed-loop supply chain and green logistics, and site logistics on inventory control and facility layout optimization. In terms of research trends, the research hotspots in the field of transport logistics are evolving from the traditional technical optimization orientation to the emerging research direction centered on green development and supply chain resilience. Intelligence, greening, and resilience will become the main trend for multimodal transport logistics research in the future, thus promoting the logistics industry to a more efficient, environment friendly and flexible direction.
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图 4 海运物流研究关键词共现图谱
Figure 4. Keywords co-occurrence graph of maritime logistics research
图 5 逆向物流研究关键词共现图谱
Figure 5. Keywords co-occurrence graph of reverse logistics research
表 1 各研究领域检索关键词
Table 1. Search keywords by research field
研究领域 数据库 检索关键词 城市物流 CNKI 城市物流、物流中心、末端配送、配送网络、车辆路径、客货协同运输、实时信息、众包物流 WOS urban logistics，logistics center，last-mile delivery，delivery network，vehicle routing，passenger and freight collaborative transport，real-time information，crowdsourcing logistics 海运物流 CNKI 海运物流、港航系统、智慧港航、航线网络、船队部署、船舶配积载、港口调度、港口布局、班轮联盟、堆场作业、绿色港航、资源调度、港口集疏运、多式联运系统 WOS maritime logistics，port and shipping system，smart port and shipping，shipping network，fleet deployment，ship stowage，port scheduling，port layout，liner alliance，container yard operations，green port and shipping，resource scheduling，port collection and distribution，multimodal transport system 逆向物流 CNKI 逆向物流、回收平台设计、回收配送、翻新品定价与销售、闭环物流、绿色物流 WOS reverse logistics，recycling platform design，recycling distribution，remanufactured product，remanufactured product inventory control，price and sale of remanufactured product，closed-loop logistics，green logistics 场地物流 CNKI 场地物流、系统布置规划（Systematic Layout Planning，SLP）方法、库存管理、进出库管理、立体仓库、物料路径、JIT、风险库存 WOS site logistics，SLP，inventory management，in and out warehouse management，automated storage and retrieval system，material flow path，just-in-time，inventory risk，safety stock 
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表 2 1995~2024年中英文多式联运物流工程研究发文量前10期刊
Table 2. Top 10 journals of multimodal transport logistics literature in Chinese and English from 1995 to 2024
排序 中文 英文 期刊名称 篇数 期刊名称 篇数 1 《商业经济研究》 346 Sustainability 809 2 《中国流通经济》 174 Transportation Research Part E：Logistics and Transportation Review 509 3 《铁道运输与经济》 164 Computers & Industrial Engineering 502 4 《中国管理科学》 129 Journal of Cleaner Production 495 5 《运筹与管理》 113 European Journal of Operational Research 466 6 《系统工程理论与实践》 107 International Journal of Production Economics 435 7 《工业工程与管理》 99 International Journal of Production Research 390 8 《科技管理研究》 97 Expert Systems with Applications 227 9 《统计与决策》 95 Annals of Operations Research 217 10 《计算机工程与应用》 92 Computers & Operations Research 201
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表 3 城市物流出现频次和中心性排名前10的关键词
Table 3. Top 10 keywords in frequency and centrality of urban logistics
排序 中文 英文 关键词 频次 中心性 首次出现年份 关键词 频次 中心性 首次出现年份 1 遗传算法 190 0.19 1998 vehicle routing problem 1 307 0.05 1996 2 物流中心 182 0.36 1999 model 1 120 0.17 1998 3 物流配送 147 0.11 2001 algorithm 939 0.09 1996 4 城市物流 124 0.20 2004 optimization 826 0.10 2002 5 选址 109 0.06 1998 logistics 592 0.17 1998 6 配送中心 84 0.09 1998 city logistics 518 0.08 2004 7 路径优化 84 0.06 2006 last-mile delivery 511 0.00 2017 8 蚁群算法 83 0.04 2005 system 485 0.07 2001 9 时间窗 67 0.02 2007 delivery 406 0.10 2004 10 车辆路径 53 0.02 2005 time windows 402 0.07 2000
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表 4 海运物流出现频次和中心性排名前10的关键词
Table 4. Top 10 keywords in frequency and centrality of maritime logistics
排序 中文 英文 关键词 频次 中心性 首次出现年份 关键词 频次 中心性 首次出现年份 1 港口 29 0.22 2001 model 654 0.16 1995 2 多式联运 28 0.13 2002 algorithm 390 0.13 1999 3 水路运输 21 0.16 2003 optimization 389 0.03 2008 4 仿真 12 0.09 2001 system 380 0.04 2008 5 集装箱 11 0.12 1995 container terminals 358 0.21 1997 6 布局 9 0.03 2001 port 342 0.06 2003 7 遗传算法 9 0.12 1999 operations 334 0.05 2008 8 配载 8 0.03 1995 emissions 290 0.07 2011 9 海运物流 7 0.00 2010 management 278 0.05 2007 10 优化 6 0.02 1999 transport 278 0.04 2009
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表 5 逆向物流出现频次和中心性排名前10的关键词
Table 5. Top 10 keywords in frequency and centrality of reverse logistics
排序 中文 英文 关键词 频次 中心性 首次出现年份 关键词 频次 中心性 首次出现年份 1 逆向物流 658 0.82 2003 reverse logistics 1 529 0.21 1998 2 绿色物流 369 0.62 2001 model 1 141 0.06 1996 3 物流 94 0.17 2001 closed-loop supply chain 988 0.03 2005 4 循环经济 92 0.06 2003 management 838 0.10 1999 5 再制造 80 0.06 2003 design 767 0.11 2000 6 电子商务 62 0.02 2001 system 476 0.02 2002 7 对策 56 0.03 2001 optimization 435 0.06 2002 8 回收 44 0.03 2004 impact 414 0.13 2004 9 供应链 37 0.02 2003 product 408 0.07 2002 10 遗传算法 35 0.07 2008 strategy 408 0.03 1999
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表 6 场地物流出现频次和中心性排名前10的关键词
Table 6. Top 10 keywords in frequency and centrality of site logistics
排序 中文 英文 关键词 频次 中心性 首次出现年份 关键词 频次 中心性 首次出现年份 1 库存管理 196 0.59 1995 supply chain management 285 0.15 1995 2 供应链 120 0.25 2002 model 226 0.07 1997 3 库存控制 26 0.07 1996 system 144 0.05 1998 4 遗传算法 23 0.12 2006 inventory management 141 0.07 1996 5 逆向物流 14 0.01 2007 policy 99 0.07 1997 6 牛鞭效应 14 0.01 2007 design 90 0.05 1998 7 信息共享 12 0.02 2005 optimization 82 0.11 2004 8 路径规划 11 0.04 2017 impact 76 0.06 1995 9 仿真 11 0.04 2005 demand 73 0.14 1997 10 物流管理 11 0.03 2002 performance 71 0.07 1995
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表 7 多式联运物流工程研究领域关键词聚类结果
Table 7. Cluster results of keywords in the field of multimodal transport logistics
研究领域 聚类名称 频率前5位的关键词 城市物流 物流配送 遗传算法、路径优化、蚁群算法、时间窗、车辆路径 物流中心 配送中心、选址模型、农产品、信息系统、竞争力 区域物流 区域经济、城市群、物流枢纽、物流效率、协同发展 物流规划 物流规划、物流体系、政策、综合评价、运输经济 vehicle routing problem vehicle routing problem，time windows，genetic algorithm，tabu search，traveling salesman problem urban freight transport last-mile delivery，urban freight transport，e-commerce，green logistics，electric vehicles supply chain management supply chain management，customer satisfaction，internet of things，network design，big data multi-objective optimization multi-objective optimization，fleet management，stochastic demands，robust optimization，dynamic programming 海运物流 多式联运 多式联运、集装箱、运输协作、一单制、动态约束 港航系统 港口、水路运输、集疏运、影响因素、信息增值 班轮联盟 优化、班轮联盟、舱位互租、舱位分配、舱位租赁 船舶配载 船舶配载、遗传算法、集装箱船、客货滚装、整数规划 container terminal container terminal，port，operations，berth allocation，genetic algorithm complex network container shipping network，vulnerability，complex network，risk assessment，maritime silk road liner shipping management，liner shipping，fleet deployment，speed optimization，empty container repositioning ship emissions emissions，AIS data，energy efficiency，air pollution，green port 逆向物流 逆向物流 信息系统、废旧汽车、召回、回收产品、成本控制 绿色物流 环境保护、包装、绿色运输、碳中和、绿色制造 再制造 库存控制、物流网络、博弈论、闭环物流、制造商 电商物流 电子商务、物流配送、物联网、退货管理、包装回收 closed-loop supply chain model，product life cycle，product returns，remanufactured products，reverse channel circular economy reverse logistics，sustainable development，environment management，waste，reuse reverse supply chain supply chain management，cost，EOQ repair，recovery system，recycle model robust optimization network design，logistics，genetic algorithm，uncertainty，facility location 场地物流 库存管理 库存模型、随机需求、库存配给、经济效益、准时制 物料路径 路径规划、物料配送、货位分配、车间布局、遗传算法 自动化立体仓库 出入库、应急互补、调度流程、仿真优化、穿梭车 integrated inventory coordination，lot-size model，capacity planning，quality improvement，radio frequency identification just in time operational performance，production scheduling，supplier relations，information technology，resource-based theory facility location location model，warehouse location，expected costs，distribution network design，multi-objective optimization
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表 8 城市物流研究热点
Table 8. Research hotspots of urban logistics
研究分类 研究内容 研究方法 车辆路径问题 无人机与货车协同配送路径规划 整数规划模型、混合整数规划模型 生鲜配送车辆路径问题 Benders分解、蚁群算法 电动车辆路径优化问题 自适应大邻域搜索算法 物流网络规划 应急物流网络规划 两阶段-随机规划方法、双层规划模型 低碳物流网络规划 随机规划理论、双层规划方法 最后一公里配送模式创新 整数规划模型 供应链优化与区域协同发展 供应链设计与优化 定性分析法、机器学习模型 区域物流协同 灰色关联度模型、社会网络分析
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表 9 海运物流研究热点
Table 9. Research hotspots of maritime logistics
研究分类 研究内容 研究方法 海运物流网络规划 港口资源调度优化 随机规划模型、混合整数规划模型 自动化码头设计 仿真建模 多式联运网络优化 递减时域控制方法、多目标0-1规划模型、嵌套Logit模型 航运风险分析 质量功能展开方法、贝叶斯网络、统计分析 集装箱班轮运输 班轮联盟运力协同 随机优化模型、动态规划模型 船队部署 混合整数规划模型 集装箱船配载 整数规划模型 绿色航运 船舶排放监测 AIS数据分析、HYSPLIT模型 航运减排 质量功能展开方法、博弈论、社会成本效益分析、随机森林回归模型、人工神经网络
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表 10 逆向物流研究热点
Table 10. Research hotspots of reverse logistics
研究分类 研究内容 研究方法 闭环供应链与再制造 闭环供应链网络优化 改进遗传算法、ε-约束算法、混合算法 政企社会责任研究 线性规划模型、博弈论、双层规划模型 消费者的行为与市场策略 前景理论、层次分析法 绿色物流 绿色物流效率评估 回归分析、Super-SBM模型 绿色物流影响因素分析 层次分析法、模糊综合评价法、最佳最差法 逆向物流成本优化 价值流分析、区块链技术、仿真模拟
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表 11 场地物流研究热点
Table 11. Research hotspots of site logistics
研究分类 研究内容 研究方法 库存管理与优化 库存管理影响因素分析 面板数据模型、对比分析法 库存订货策略优化 经济订货批量模型、多目标分式规划、西尔弗-米尔启发式方法 不确定性下的库存管理 多品类库存模型、条件风险价值模型、多周期库存博弈 场地布局与物料流动优化 场地设施布局优化 改进SLP法 物料流动路径优化 模拟退火算法、变邻域搜索元启发式算法
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表 12 城市物流研究关键词突显表
Table 12. Keyword burst terms related to city logistics research
关键词 出现年份 强度 开始年份 截止年份 城市物流 1999 5.02 2005 2006 优化模型 2001 3.80 2008 2009 物流中心 1999 4.56 2010 2011 物流网络 2004 5.34 2012 2013 选址模型 1998 4.02 2013 2014 配送网络 2004 3.92 2011 2017 大数据 2014 3.86 2014 2019 生鲜电商 2017 3.94 2017 2019 时间窗 2003 3.85 2016 2020 电动汽车 2016 7.39 2016 2020 蚁群算法 2004 4.30 2019 2020 即时配送 2018 4.75 2018 2022 冷链物流 2007 5.31 2021 2022 末端配送 2012 4.19 2019 2023 碳排放 2014 8.09 2014 2024 众包物流 2017 10.44 2017 2024 无人机 2009 5.77 2020 2024 突发事件 2005 7.76 2020 2024 时变路网 2021 4.57 2021 2024 深度学习 2019 6.89 2022 2024
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表 13 海运物流研究关键词突显表
Table 13. Keyword burst terms related to maritime logistics research
关键词 出现年份 强度 开始年份 截止年份 库场 1995 1.35 1995 1996 港口布局 1995 3.49 1995 2005 集装箱船 1998 2.04 1998 2005 遗传算法 1999 1.54 1999 2005 多式联运 2002 2.35 2005 2007 集装箱 1995 1.27 2008 2009 数学模型 2002 1.27 2008 2009 集装箱码头 2001 2.46 2008 2013 班轮运输 2005 7.67 2014 2015 港口调度 2013 1.75 2013 2017 复杂网络 2008 2.61 2015 2017 班轮联盟 2011 3.38 2016 2018 舱位分配 2016 1.42 2016 2018 优化模型 2007 1.33 2016 2020 船队管理 2005 1.57 2019 2022 多式联运 2006 1.49 2021 2022 网络韧性 2018 2.40 2020 2024 绿色航运 2020 8.98 2020 2024 自动化集装箱码头 2010 8.53 2022 2024 机器学习 2020 9.76 2023 2024
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表 14 逆向物流研究关键词突显表
Table 14. Keyword burst terms related to reverse logistics research
关键词 出现年份 强度 开始年份 截止年份 环境 2002 5.27 2002 2007 绿色运输 2007 2.80 2007 2007 循环经济 2003 7.80 2006 2010 物流成本 2003 2.68 2011 2012 供应链管理 1997 59.12 2001 2013 物流管理 2002 2.74 2012 2013 低碳经济 2010 9.72 2010 2014 物联网 2011 5.46 2013 2014 网络设计 2004 6.05 2015 2018 电子商务 2001 2.78 2016 2019 冷链物流 2012 2.80 2019 2021 碳排放 2019 6.19 2019 2022 绿色经济 2019 2.38 2019 2024 可持续发展 1998 2.99 2020 2024 闭环供应链 2012 4.36 2021 2024 工业4.0 2021 9.30 2021 2024 动态定价 2004 2.24 2021 2024 强化学习 2022 14.62 2022 2024 门槛效应 2023 3.24 2023 2024 机器学习 2020 20.43 2023 2024
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表 15 场地物流研究关键词突显表
Table 15. Keyword burst terms related to site logistics research
关键词 出现年份 强度 开始年份 截止年份 电子商务 2000 2.26 2000 2003 安全库存 2003 2.23 2003 2005 数据库 2003 2.16 2003 2005 建模 2004 2.73 2004 2005 备件 2003 2.12 2003 2006 采购 2004 2.07 2004 2006 物流管理 2002 2.11 2004 2007 供应链 2002 4.13 2003 2008 库存模型 2003 2.13 2007 2009 仿真 2005 2.43 2005 2010 管理系统 2007 1.88 2007 2011 信息共享 2005 2.13 2008 2013 库存控制 1996 2.70 2013 2014 设施布置 2012 2.78 2012 2016 优化 2002 1.94 2013 2017 立体仓库 2012 2.00 2012 2018 不确定性 1997 2.85 2017 2024 物料配送 2017 4.79 2017 2024 风险 2011 3.00 2020 2024 智能车间 2012 3.94 2021 2024
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表 16 关键词-趋势方向映射
Table 16. Keyword-trend direction mapping
关键词 所属研究方向 映射趋势 大数据 城市物流 智能化 众包物流 自动化集装箱码头 海运物流 强化学习 动态定价 逆向物流 智能车间 场地物流 电动汽车 城市物流 绿色化 碳排放 绿色航运 海运物流 可持续发展 逆向物流 众包物流 城市物流 韧性化 突发事件 网络韧性 海运物流 动态定价 逆向物流 风险 场地物流 物料配送
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