Volume 23 Issue 3
Jun.  2023
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
SUN Yan-kun, ZHANG Wei, YANG Xiong-wei, LIU Ji-hao, ZHU Heng-jia, LIU Yan-xi, QIN Jia-hao. Review on aircraft towing taxi technologies[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2023, 23(3): 23-43. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.03.002
Citation: SUN Yan-kun, ZHANG Wei, YANG Xiong-wei, LIU Ji-hao, ZHU Heng-jia, LIU Yan-xi, QIN Jia-hao. Review on aircraft towing taxi technologies[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2023, 23(3): 23-43. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.03.002

Review on aircraft towing taxi technologies

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.03.002
Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China U2033208

National Natural Science Foundation of China 12002367

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 3122020031

More Information
  • Author Bio:

    SUN Yan-kun(1980-), female, associate professor, PhD, yksun1234@163.com

    ZHANG Wei(1979-), male, professor, PhD, weizha_2001@163.com

  • Received Date: 2023-02-03
    Available Online: 2023-07-07
  • Publish Date: 2023-06-25
  • The essence of aircraft towing taxi mode was studied. The connotation and driving factors of towing taxi were proposed, and six key issues to realize aircraft towing taxi were put forward, including kinematics and environmental load analysis during towing taxi, multibody system dynamics of towing taxi, structural mechanical responses of the nose landing gear of aircraft, motion perception and control of the system, towing taxi equipment and physical test platform, and impact of towing taxi on airport operation rules. In addition, the research status and development trend of the six key issues were analyzed, and the technical difficulties and challenges faced in implementing the new mode were explored. Analysis results show that compared with traditional towing, the kinematics calculation of towing taxi requires higher precision and real-time performance, a high-precision algorithm of system motion should be established to realize the safety estimation of towing taxi, and the coupling effect of various factors such as the towing taxi system motion status of high-speed and heavy-duty aircraft, airport road conditions, and control inputs, may lead to limit phenomena, such as lateral instability and detachment. The research on the dynamic behavior of the system needs to consider the nonlinear characteristics of the structure and system. In order to ensure the safety of nose landing gear subjected to longitudinal traction and vertical vibration coupling conditions under long-distance towing taxi, it is necessary to study its structural dynamic response and ultimate working condition behavior mechanism. Man-machine interactive mode and pilot perception control method need to be analyzed to achieve the precise control of towing taxi movements by pilots, and tests are required for the verification. The using time of aircraft engines during ground operation can be shortened by towing taxi technology, and fuel consumption and carbon emissions can be reduced, but the complexity of airport surface operations will increase. Therefore, a new scene operation management rules in airport flight area system should be established.

     

  • loading
  • [1]
    WOLLENHEIT R, MVHLHAUSEN T. Operational and environmental assessment of the electric taxi based on fast-time simulation[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2013, 2336(1): 36-42. doi: 10.3141/2336-05
    [2]
    ZHAN Xin-min. Research on aircraft ground propulsion systems[J]. Aviation Maintenance and Engineering, 2022(1): 88-92. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KONG202201027.htm
    [3]
    RE F. Viability and state of the art of environmentally friendly aircraft taxiing systems[C]//IEEE. 2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion. New York: IEEE, 2012: 1-6.
    [4]
    TABARES D A, MORA-CAMINO F. Aircraft ground operations: steps towards automation[J]. CEAS Aeronautical Journal, 2019, 10(3): 965-974. doi: 10.1007/s13272-019-00390-5
    [5]
    BERNATZKY T. Automation concept for cockpit crew integration into trajectory-based dispatch towing[D]. Darmstadt: Technischen Universität Darmstadt, 2019.
    [6]
    LUKIC M, HEBALA A, GIANGRANDE P, et al. State of the art of electric taxiing systems[C]//IEEE. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC). New York: IEEE, 2019: 1-6.
    [7]
    COETZEE E, KRAUSKOPF B, LOWENBERG M. Analysis of medium-speed runway exit maneuvers[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2011, 48(5): 1553-1564. doi: 10.2514/1.C031276
    [8]
    DZIKUS N M, WOLLENHEIT R, SCHAEFER M, et al. The benefit of innovative taxi concepts: the impact of airport size, fleet mix and traffic growth[C]//AIAA. 2013 Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2013: 1-16.
    [9]
    HUANG M Y, NIE H, ZHANG M. Analysis of ground handling characteristic of aircraft with electric taxi system[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2019, 233(6): 1546-1561. doi: 10.1177/0954407018764163
    [10]
    MENG Yan. Analysis on the development prospect of aircraft tractor[J]. Commercial Vehicle, 2014(16): 16-17. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-4903.2014.16.004
    [11]
    WENNER C A, DRURY C G. Analyzing human error in aircraft ground damage incidents[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2000, 26(2): 177-199. doi: 10.1016/S0169-8141(99)00065-7
    [12]
    Boeing. Statistical summary of commercial jet airplane accidents: Worldwide Operations 1959-2008[R]. Seattle: Boeing, 2009.
    [13]
    POSTORINO M N, MANTECCHINI L, PAGANELLI F. Improving taxi-out operations at city airports to reduce CO2 emissions[J]. Transport Policy, 2019, 80: 167-176. doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.09.002
    [14]
    GUO Rui, ZHANG Yu, WANG Qing. Comparison of emerging ground propulsion systems for electrified aircraft taxi operations[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2014, 44(1): 98-109.
    [15]
    DIEKE-MEIER F, FRICKE H. Expectations from a steering control transfer to cockpit crews for aircraft pushback[C]//ACM. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Application and Theory of Automation in Command and Control Systems. New York: ACM, 2012: 62-70.
    [16]
    VAN OOSTEROM S, MITICI M, HOEKSTRA J. Dispatching a fleet of electric towing vehicles for aircraft taxiing with conflict avoidance and efficient battery charging[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2023, 147: 103995. doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2022.103995
    [17]
    FRANK S, SCHACHTEBECK P M, HECKER P. Sensor concept for highly-automated airport tugs for reduced emisson taxi operations[C]//ICAS. 30th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. Bonn: ICAS, 2016: 1-9.
    [18]
    HEIN K, BAUMANN S. Acoustical comparison of conventional taxiing and dispatch towing-taxibot's contribution to ground noise abatement[C]//ICAS. 30th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. Bonn: ICAS, 2016: 1-7.
    [19]
    TANG Jian-jun, GUO Wei-dong, XU Dong-guang, et al. Driving characteristics and energy saving and emission reduction performance of aircraft electric taxiing system[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2020, 46(8): 1545-1554. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2019.0487
    [20]
    Airbus. Aircraft characteristics airport and maintenance planning[R]. Blagnac: Airbus, 2005.
    [21]
    WANG Yan-ling. Analysis on aircraft damage caused by GSE[J]. Civil Aircraft Design and Research, 2011(2): 60-64. (in Chinese) doi: 10.19416/j.cnki.1674-9804.2011.02.016
    [22]
    XIE Ben-ming, ZHAO Hong-wei, WANG Wei, et al. Kinematics research on towing turning of remote control towbarless aircraft tractor[J]. Machinery Design and Manufacture, 2018(7): 127-129. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3997.2018.07.036
    [23]
    GOU Neng-liang, YUAN Qiang-bo, ZHANG Ming. Analysis of aircraft landing gear with four wheels ground taxiing turning[J]. Advances in Aeronautical Science and Engineering, 2016, 7(1): 17-23. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16615/j.cnki.1674-8190.2016.01.003
    [24]
    WANG Zhi, AN Xi-ping, QI Xiang-yang, et al. Test and study on motion characteristics of aircraft tractor operated by walker[J]. Advances in Aeronautical Science and Engineering, 2018, 9(S1): 140-145. (in Chinese)
    [25]
    REN Shao-yun, ZHANG Yun-xia, ZHANG Jian-wu, et al. The stability analysis of towing behavior for towing tractor[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2005, 39(9): 1470-1475, 1480. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-2467.2005.09.020
    [26]
    LIU Jie, HAN Wei, XU Wei-guo, et al. Optimal path tracking control of carrier-based aircraft on the deck based on RHC[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2019, 40(8): 175-200. (in Chinese)
    [27]
    LIU Jie, DONG Xian-zhou, HAN Wei, et al. Trajectory planning for carrier aircraft on deck using Newton Symplectic pseudo-spectral method[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2020, 54(9): 1827-1838. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDZC202009021.htm
    [28]
    WANG Neng-jian, LIU Hong-bo, ZHOU Li-jie. Moving characteristics analysis of carrier-based aircraft traction system on deck[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2013, 44(6): 2304-2310. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNGD201306017.htm
    [29]
    ZHOU Li-jie. Research of stability for tractor-aircraft system on ship[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2012. (in Chinese)
    [30]
    ZHU Min, LIU Hui, CHEN Shu-wen. Simulation analysis of aircraft ground traction load under pit road conditions[J]. Machine Building and Automation, 2014, 43(2): 94-98. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-5276.2014.02.031
    [31]
    LIU Cheng-xin. Research on the safety of aircraft ground traction[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018. (in Chinese)
    [32]
    LI Fu-hai. Research on aircraft's towing and parking safety technology[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. (in Chinese)
    [33]
    ZHU Min. Analysis of aircraft ground traction load[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013. (in Chinese)
    [34]
    CHEN Shu-wen, LIU Hui, LI Fu-hai, et al. Research on aircraft towing load with contact-impact effects[J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 2017, 38(11): 1794-1799. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HEBG201711022.htm
    [35]
    XIAO Huan. Research on simulation technology of towing operation of tractor-aircraft system[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2008. (in Chinese)
    [36]
    WEN Qi, CHEN Zhi, WANG Zhi, et al. Simulation analysis on traction characteristics of aircraft tow tractors under ship sway[J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 2011, 32(8): 1052-1057. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7043.2011.08.016
    [37]
    SHEN Zhen. Research on the safety technology of aircraft towbarless traction[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019. (in Chinese)
    [38]
    XU Yao, LIU Jing-guang. An engineering approach to calculate dynamic taxi landing gear loads[J]. Jiangsu Science and Technology Information, 2018, 35(20): 37-40. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KJXY201820011.htm
    [39]
    LIU Y C, IACOMINI D, POWELL B, et al. Development, testing, and assessment of a kinematic path-following model for towing vehicle systems[J]. SAE International Journal of Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH, 2019, 3(1): 57-70. doi: 10.4271/10-03-01-0005
    [40]
    ZHANG W, ZHAO J B. Analysis on nonlinear stiffness and vibration isolation performance of scissor-like structure with full types[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics, 2016, 86(1): 17-36. doi: 10.1007/s11071-016-2869-z
    [41]
    LI Xiang-bin, ZHAO You-qun. Modeling and simulation of ride comfort of tractor semi-trailer with balanced suspension[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science), 2011, 25(11): 18-23. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CGGL201111005.htm
    [42]
    LI X L, FU W K. Objective evaluation method of vehicle ride comfort based on small-sample statistics[J]. SAE International Journal of Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH, 2021, 5(1): 99-109.
    [43]
    KUSHAIRI S, SCHMIDT R, OMAR A R, et al. Tractor-trailer modelling and validation[J]. International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems, 2014, 21(1): 64-82. doi: 10.1504/IJHVS.2014.057802
    [44]
    ZHU Heng-jia, LYU Xiao, ZHANG Bai-zhi, et al. Study on ride comfort of towbarless aircraft taxiing system considering vehicle frame flexibility[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2022, 41(9): 1458-1467. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JXKX202209022.htm
    [45]
    WANG Hui, LYU Xiao, ZHANG Wei, et al. Study on vibration characteristics of the towbarless aircraft taxiing system[J]. SAE International Journal of Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH, 2022, 6(2): 175-188.
    [46]
    ZHU H J, ZHANG B Z, LV X, et al. Optimal chassis suspension design for towbarless towing vehicle for aircraft taxiing[J]. SAE International Journal of Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH, 2022, 4(4): 1445-1453.
    [47]
    XIE Ben-ming, ZHU Jun-wei, WANG Wei, et al. Simulation and optimization of ride comfort on multi-working for aircraft rodless tractor[J]. Machinery Design and Manufacture, 2020(10): 1-5. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSYZ202010002.htm
    [48]
    WANG Wei, ZHU Jun-wei, ZHANG Wei. Simulation analysis and optimization of vibration characteristics of aircraft rodless tractor system[J]. Computer Simulation, 2020, 37(6): 54-58. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSJZ202006013.htm
    [49]
    ZHU He, WANG Li-wen, LUO Xin-yue. Dynamics simulation analysis of air suspension towbarless towing vehicle[J]. Machine Tool and Hydraulics, 2018, 46(13): 144-147. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JCYY201813038.htm
    [50]
    ZHU Jun-wei. Dynamic analysis of aircraft towbarless tow vehicles undermulti-operating conditions[D]. Tianjin: Civil Aviation University of China, 2019. (in Chinese)
    [51]
    GAO Hong-bo. Research on directional stability and control strategy of tractor-semitrailer steering and braking[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2014. (in Chinese)
    [52]
    LI Yue. Research on the handling stability of a new generation of combinations of vehicles the double road train[D]. Beijing: Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, 2020. (in Chinese)
    [53]
    AHOKAS J, KOSONEN S. Dynamic behaviour of a tractor- trailer combination during braking[J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2003, 85(1): 29-39.
    [54]
    QI Ji-yan, JIN Jia-qi, ZOU Shan-shan. Longitudinal dynamics analysis of carrier-based towbarless aircraft tractor[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2020, 40(1): 193-199. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CUXI202001039.htm
    [55]
    WANG N J, LIU H B, YANG W H. Simulation study of the backward-motion for a aircraft towbarless tractor[C]//IEEE. 2013 IEEE Conference Anthology. New york: IEEE, 2014: 1-5.
    [56]
    ZHOU Li-jie, WANG Neng-jian, ZHANG De-fu. Adaptive and variable structure control with sliding mode for tractor-aircraft system[J]. Control Theory and Applications, 2012, 29(4): 529-534. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KZLY201204020.htm
    [57]
    SHI Hui-tao. Research on braking performance of the towbarless aircraft tractor[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2010. (in Chinese)
    [58]
    BI Zhen-han. Analysis and simulation of turning performance for large civil aircraft landing gears[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013. (in Chinese)
    [59]
    PACEJKA H B, BAKKER E. The magic formula tyre model[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 1992, 21(S1): 1-18.
    [60]
    GUO K, LU D. UniTire: unified tire model for vehicle dynamic simulation[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2007, 45(S1): 79-99.
    [61]
    GIPSER M. FTire and puzzling tyre physics: teacher, not student[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2016, 54(1): 113-127.
    [62]
    MILWITZKY B, COOK F E. Analysis of landing-gear behavior[R]. Washington: NACA, 1953.
    [63]
    DING Yong-wei, WEI Xiao-hui, NIE Hong, et al, Discharge coefficient calculation method of landing gear shock absorber and its influence on drop dynamics[J]. Journal of Vibroengineering, 2018, 20(7): 2550-2562.
    [64]
    CAO Rong-sheng. Establishment of airplane landing gear model and simulation analysis of landing behavior[D]. Harbin: Harbin EngineeringUniversity, 2007. (in Chinese)
    [65]
    CAPUTO F, DE LUCA A, GRECO A, et al. Investigation on the static and dynamic structural behaviors of a regional aircraft main landing gear by a new numerical methodology[J]. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 2018, 12(43): 191-204.
    [66]
    CAO Da-shu, YAO Hong-yu, XUE Cai-jun, et al. Fracture damage analysis of a nose landing gear[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2008(6): 36-39, 56. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CLGC200806011.htm
    [67]
    LI Yue-ming, LI Xiao-yun, CHAI Yi-jun, et al. Dynamic response analysis of nose landing gear in aircraft new towing taxi mode[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2022, 43(6): 526915. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HKXB202206013.htm
    [68]
    CHEN Shu-wen, LIU Hui, LI Fu-hai. Analysis of Boeing 737 aircraft towing accidents[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2017, 80: 234-240.
    [69]
    WU Wei-guo, SUN Jian-qiao, LENG Yong-gang, et al. Dynamic modeling of landing gear and its random response analysis[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2016, 37(4): 1228-1239. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HKXB201604015.htm
    [70]
    LIU Gang. Dynamic response research and strength calculation of aircraft landing gear[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2015. (in Chinese)
    [71]
    JIA Teng. Numerical analysis of random dynamics response of landing gear of the aircraft[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2014. (in Chinese)
    [72]
    WANG Di, WU Lei, ZHU Yun, et al. Vibration of a plate coupled with fluid considering the effects of stress and deformation under hydrostatic load[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2019, 145: 106413.
    [73]
    SONG Zhao-jun. Study on the influences of dimensional effect and ambient temperature on the ultimate strength of ship structures[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2019. (in Chinese)
    [74]
    KHARGHANI N, SOARES C G, Analytical and experimental study of the ultimate strength of delaminated composite laminates under compressive loading[J]. Composite Structures, 2019, 228: 111355.
    [75]
    XIE Ben-ming, HAN Ming-ming, ZHANG Pan, et al. Optimization algorithm of dynamic time warping for speech recognition of aircraft towing vehicle[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2018, 38(6): 1771-1776, 1789. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSJY201806042.htm
    [76]
    ZHANG Pan, FANG Ti-hui, ZHANG Wei, et al. Research on voice control of intelligent aircraft towing robot[J]. Hoisting and Conveying Machinery, 2019(7): 104-108. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QZJJ201907039.htm
    [77]
    SAINI S, NIKHIL S, KONDA K R, et al. An efficient vision-based traffic light detection and state recognition for autonomous vehicles[C]//IEEE. 2017 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). New York: IEEE, 2017: 606-611.
    [78]
    WANG Wen-shuo, XI Jun-qiang, LIU Chang, et al. Human-centered feed-forward control of a vehicle steering system based on a driver's path-following characteristics[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2017, 18(6): 1440-1453.
    [79]
    ZAMMIT C, ZAMMIT-MANGION D. A control technique for automatic taxi in fixed wing[C]//AIAA. 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston: AIAA, 2014: 1163.
    [80]
    ZHANG Pan, LIU Yang, LIU Xin-jie, et al. Improved pure pursuit algorithm for intelligent aircraft tractor path navigation[J]. Computer Engineering, 2019, 45(5): 267-271. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSJC201905044.htm
    [81]
    SUN Yan-kun, YANG Hui, ZHANG WEI. A method for safe moving paths and tracking & control of the trajectory of towed taxiing-in aircrafts[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2022, 40(5): 91-101. (inChinese https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JTJS202205010.htm
    [82]
    WANG Neng-jian, LIU Hong-bo, YANG Wan-hui. Path-tracking control of a tractor-aircraft system[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Application, 2012, 11(4): 512-517.
    [83]
    WANG Neng-jian, ZHOU Li-jie. Research on the active steering control of an aircraft tractor[J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 2011, 32(10): 1346-1350. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HEBG201110017.htm
    [84]
    LIU Hong-bo, YANG Xiao-dong, LI Yue-feng, et al. Adaptive backstepping controller to improve handling stability of tractor-aircraft system on deck[C]//IEEE. 15th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots (UR). New York: IEEE, 2018: 839-846.
    [85]
    NING Wen-xiang. Modern aircraft tractor of Goldhofer company in Germany[J]. Special Purpose Vehicle, 2011(11): 47-49. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYQC201111015.htm
    [86]
    HONG Zhen-yu, XU Zhi-hua, ZHANG Zhi-xu, et al. Conceptual design and dimensional synthesis of nosewheel lifting mechanism in a towbarless aircraft towing tractor[J]. Journal of Machine Design, 2013, 30(11): 47-52. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JXSJ201311012.htm
    [87]
    MU Meng-xin. Research on the effect of civil aircraft nose landing gear by towbarless traction[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. (in Chinese)
    [88]
    WANG Zhi. Traditional aeroplane tractors—today and tomorrow[J]. Commercial Vehicle, 2007(2): 92-94, 99. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSCL200702025.htm
    [89]
    WEN Qi, WANG Zhi, WU Chong-dao. Approach to control system of parallel hybrid electric aircraft tow tractor[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2007, 38(8): 34-37. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NYJX200708008.htm
    [90]
    ZHAO Li-jun, JIANG Ji-hai. Design for the system of hydraulic drive hybrid power in aircraft towing tractor[J]. Machine Tool and Hydraulics, 2009, 37(12): 74-76. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JCYY200912023.htm
    [91]
    ZHAO Li-jun, WANG Xin, JIANG Ji-hai. Study on brake control system of aircraft towing tractor base on hydraulic hybrid[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2011, 43(9): 81-85. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HEBX201109017.htm
    [92]
    ZHANG Jun, WEN Chuan, YANG Xing, et al. Electric aircraft tug velocity control based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC)[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, https://doi.org/10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0377. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJHK202305003.htm
    [93]
    WANG Wei-wei, TIAN Jin-yue, LIU Kai. Analysis of power match for aircraft tractor with hydrostatic transmission[J]. Modern Manufacturing Engineering, 2011(4): 73-76. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XXGY201104019.htm
    [94]
    WANG Yi. Hydrostatic transmission of QFY series aircraft tow tractors[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2001(3): 276-279. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGJX200103011.htm
    [95]
    HEINRICH M T E. On the concept of electric taxiing for midsize commercial aircraft: a power system and architecture investigation[D]. Hamilton: McMaster University, 2015.
    [96]
    GAMON M A. Evaluation of the impact of towing the L-1011 airplane at Boston Logan Airport[R]. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, 1980.
    [97]
    RADEV V. Application of criteria of aircraft tow tractors[C]//SAE International. Aerospace Technology Conference and Exposition. Warrendale: SAE International, 1987: 871816.
    [98]
    WU Guang-ju. Research on the test method of the clamping and lifting mechanism of the towbar-less aircraft towing vehicle[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2016. (in Chinese)
    [99]
    GAO Jian-shu, LIANG Hui-zhong, MENG Xiang-sen. Detecting method of towbarless aircraft tractor traction[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2021, 21 (12): 5151-5156. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXJS202112059.htm
    [100]
    SIRIGU G, CASSARO M, BATTIPEDE M, et al. A route selection problem applied to auto-piloted aircraft tugs[J]. WSEAS Transactions on Electronics, 2017, 8: 27-40.
    [101]
    SALIHU A L, LLOYD S M, AKGUNDUZ A. Electrification of airport taxiway operations: a simulation framework for analyzing congestion and cost[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2021, 97: 102962.
    [102]
    BATTIPEDE M, CORTE A D, VAZZOLA M, et al. Innovative airplane ground handling system for green operations[C]//ICAS. 27th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. Bonn: ICAS, 2010: 5128-5134.
    [103]
    KHAMMASH L, MANTECCHINI L, REIS V. Micro-simulation of airport taxiing procedures to im-prove operation sustainability: Application of semi-robotic towing tractor[C]//IEEE. 5th IEEE International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems. New York: IEEE, 2017: 616-621.
    [104]
    LI Nan, ZHANG Hong-fei. Calculating aircraft pollutant emissions during taxiing at the airport[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017, 37(5): 1872-1876. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJXX201705031.htm

Catalog

    Article Metrics

    Article views (1876) PDF downloads(158) Cited by()
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return