Volume 26 Issue 1
Jan.  2026
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FANG Yi, CHEN Jie-yan, LI Bai-cheng, ZHAO Yong-ji, SUN Ya-xuan. Review on aerodynamic noise and noise reduction technologies of automotive heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2026, 26(1): 75-92. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2026.01.004
Citation: FANG Yi, CHEN Jie-yan, LI Bai-cheng, ZHAO Yong-ji, SUN Ya-xuan. Review on aerodynamic noise and noise reduction technologies of automotive heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2026, 26(1): 75-92. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2026.01.004
shu

Review on aerodynamic noise and noise reduction technologies of automotive heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2026.01.004

  • Fundamental Science Research Institute, BYD Auto Industry Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China

Funds:

National Key R&D Program of China 2021YFB3801800

More Information
  • Corresponding author: SUN Ya-xuan, senior engineer, PhD, E-mail: sun-yaxuan@byd.com
  • Received Date: 2024-07-09
  • Accepted Date: 2025-04-30
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-02-22
  • Publish Date: 2026-01-28
    Abstract
  • Aiming at the aerodynamic noise problem of the automobile heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system (HVAC), the current research status and research achievements were introduced from the four aspects, including the benchmark duct, the actual ventilation duct, the HVAC system operated in a free field and the system operated inside an automobile. The aerodynamic noise sources and generation mechanisms of the HVAC system were analyzed. The noise reduction measures were discussed for the key components of the HVAC system. The future research directions and development trends were proposed. The results indicated that the main sound sources of noise in the automobile HVAC system are surface dipole sound sources. These sound sources are mainly distributed at the blower impeller, volute, diffuser section, ventilation duct, air flap, and outlet grille. The noise generated by the blower is composed of tonal noise caused by the impeller rotation and broadband noise caused by the interactions between the airflow and surrounding solid surfaces such as the volute. Noise control is achieved through structural optimizations of the impeller and volute tongue, installation of sound-absorbing materials, and implementation of active noise control (ANC) technology. In addition to the propagated noise generated by the upstream blower housing, aerodynamic noise is also generated by the ventilation duct itself. This noise is mainly caused by flow separation or vortex generation induced by internal bends and cross-section variations. Ventilation duct noise reduction is achieved by optimization of the duct configuration to smooth the airflow and reduce local pressure loss, by use of sound-absorbing materials or structures to increase duct transmission loss, and by application of ANC technology to cancel the original noise. At the outlet, noise is generated by the airflow impacting the air flap and grille, and direct radiation toward the human ear is produced. Noise reduction is achieved by adjustment of the outlet shape, by design of bionic grilles, and by installation of ANC devices at the outlet. In addition, a better acoustic environment is obtained by adjustment of the interior materials of the vehicle cabin, and auditory comfort is improved.

     

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