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摘要: 为了解近20年世界拱桥的发展情况, 分析了钢拱桥、混凝土拱桥和钢管混凝土拱桥等拱桥的建设和技术创新, 展望了拱桥今后的发展趋势。分析结果表明: 在活载比重较大、动力问题比较突出的高速铁路桥梁中, 拱桥刚度大, 应用优势突出。在跨径方面, 3种大跨径拱桥的平均跨径分别为464、370和425 m, 且最大跨径不断增大, 以钢管混凝土拱桥最为明显。在材料方面, 高强钢在钢拱桥中的应用趋势并不明显; 混凝土拱桥的材料强度随着跨径的增大而不断提高, 超高性能混凝土已经得到应用; 钢管混凝土拱桥的拱肋材料强度在不断提高; 超高性能砂浆的提出将有助于提高圬工拱桥的竞争优势。在结构方面, 主拱采用新材料和钢腹板(杆)-混凝土组合截面, 与其他结构形成组合结构, 以及桥面连续化、轻型化和强调强健性, 是重要的技术进步。在施工技术方面, 钢管混凝土劲性骨架施工法、转体施工法和快速施工法等的发明, 推动着拱桥施工技术的进步。在结构创新与技术进步的推动下, 由于拱桥在美观、经济、结构等方面的独特优势, 今后仍将被大量修建; 超高性能混凝土有望为拱桥发展带来革命性的变化; 在跨径方面, 近期可望取得明显突破的是混凝土拱桥; 桥面系与主拱共同受力、连续化、轻型化和强调强健性也是重要发展方向。Abstract: To understand the development of arch bridges in the world in the recent 20 years, the construction and technology development of steel arch bridges, concrete arch bridges and concrete-filled steel tube(CFST) arch bridges were analyzed, and the future development was discussed. Analysis result shows that in the high-speed railway bridges with large live load and prominent power problem, the arch bridges have outstanding application advantage because of great rigidity. In terms of spans, the statistical average spans of steel arch bridges, concrete arch bridges and concrete-filled steel tube arch bridges are 464, 370 and 425 m, respectively, and the maximum spans of three kinds of arch bridges are increasing, especially for CFST arch bridges. In terms of materials, the application trend of high-strength steels in steel arch bridges is not obvious; the concrete strength is increasing with the span development of concrete arch bridges, and ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC) has been applied; the material strength of CFST arch rib is increasing; the proposal of ultra-high performance mortar(UHPM) will help the competitive advantage of masonry arch bridges. In terms of structures, the important technical development directions include the application of new materials, composite cross-sections of the arches and composite structures of the bridges, and the continuous and lightweight structures of the deck system, as well as more attention on their robustness. In terms of erection technologies, the invention of CFST stiff skeleton erection method, swing erection method and rapid erection method promotes the construction technologies of arch bridges. Driven by structural innovation and technological progress, arch bridges are still to be built in large quantities because of their unique advantages in aesthetics, economy, structure, and so on; the UHPC is expected to bring revolutionary change to arch bridges; in the aspect of span, the concrete arch bridges are expected to make more obvious breakthrough in the near future; the continuity, lightness and robustness of the deck system and its work together with main arch rib are also important development directions.
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Key words:
- bridge engineering /
- arch bridge /
- review /
- span /
- material /
- structure /
- construction
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表 1 2000年以来修建的大跨径钢拱桥
Table 1. Long-span steel arch bridges built since 2000
序号 时间 地点 桥名 跨径/m 1 2003 中国上海 卢浦大桥 550 2 2007 中国广东 新光大桥 428 3 2007 中国重庆 菜园坝大桥 420 4 2007 中国重庆 朝天门大桥 552 5 2010 中国重庆 大宁河大桥 400 6 2011 中国浙江 明州大桥 450 7 2012 中国广东 西江大桥 450 8 2015 中国广东 第二横琴大桥 400 9 2018 中国贵州 鸭池河大桥 436 10 2019 中国湖北 秭归长江公路大桥 530 11 在建 印度Katra Chenab桥 465 12 在建 中国云南 大瑞铁路怒江大桥 490 平均跨径 464 表 2 2000年以来修建的大跨径混凝土拱桥
Table 2. Long-span concrete arch bridges built since 2000
序号 时间 地点 桥名 跨径/m 1 2010 美国Arizona 胡佛大桥 323 2 2013 中国四川 昭化嘉陵江大桥 364 3 2016 中国贵州 云贵高铁南盘江大桥 416 4 2016 中国云南 沪昆高铁北盘江大桥 445 5 2016 西班牙Cáceres Almonte大桥 384 6 2017 中国贵州 渝贵铁路夜郎河大桥 370 7 2017 西班牙Cáceres Alcantara Reservoir桥 324 8 在建 中国重庆 郑万铁路大宁河大桥 282 9 在建 中国贵州 瓮马铁路乌江特大桥 337 10 在建 中国云南 大瑞铁路澜沧江大桥 342 11 在建 中国重庆 郑万高铁梅溪河大桥 340 12 在建 中国四川 新市西宁河特大桥 510 平均跨径 370 表 3 2000年以来修建的大跨径钢管混凝土拱桥
Table 3. Long-span concrete-filled steel tube arch bridges built since 2000
序号 时间 地点 桥名 跨径/m 1 2005 重庆巫山 巫山长江大桥 460 2 2007 湖南湘潭 莲城大桥 400 3 2009 湖北巴东 支井河大桥 430 4 2009 云南蒙自 蒙新高速凉水沟大桥 430 5 2013 四川合江 波司登大桥 530 6 2019 贵州罗甸 大小井特大桥 450 7 在建 四川合江 合江长江公路大桥 507 8 在建 西藏加查 拉林铁路藏木特大桥 430 9 在建 四川石棉 田湾大渡河大桥 466 10 在建 广西平南 平南三桥 575 平均跨径 468 -
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