轨道车辆车轮多边形研究进展

朱海燕; 胡华涛; 尹必超; 邬平波; 曾京; 肖乾

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2020.01.008

轨道车辆车轮多边形研究进展

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2020.01.008

1.
华东交通大学机电与车辆工程学院，江西南昌 330013
2.
西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川成都 610031

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51665015

江西省自然科学基金项目 20181BAB206025

江西省自然科学基金项目 2018ACB20007

牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题 TPL2007

江西省教育厅科技项目 GJJ190294

江西省教育厅科技项目 GJJ190308

详细信息

作者简介:
朱海燕(1975-), 男, 江西新干人, 华东交通大学副教授, 工学博士, 从事车辆系统动力学与疲劳强度研究

中图分类号: U270.11
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-08-12
- 刊出日期: 2020-02-25

Research progress on wheel polygons of rail vehicles

1.
School of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China

More Information

Author Bio:
ZHU Hai-yan(1975-), male, associate professor, PhD, zhupetrelcao@163.com

摘要

摘要: 针对轨道车辆普遍存在的车轮多边形问题, 从轨道车辆的稳定性、曲线通过能力、平稳性三方面阐述车轮多边形对轨道车辆动力学性能的影响, 从疲劳寿命角度评价车轮多边形对车辆-轨道系统零部件的影响; 基于轮轴和轨道结构特性、轮轨间动力作用、车轮材料及加工工艺方面研究, 对车轮多边形形成机理进行了归类; 归纳了车轮多边形产生的影响及其成因, 概括了现有车轮多边形检测与控制方法; 提出了车轮多边形研究展望, 为后续车轮多边形问题研究提供参考。研究结果表明: 车轮多边形会威胁到车辆系统稳定性, 降低车辆的曲线通过性能及车辆平稳性, 影响了旅客乘坐舒适性, 并对车辆-轨道零部件产生共振疲劳损伤; 轮轴共振是引起低速车辆车轮多边形的原因之一, 钢轨在外部激励下的响应以及局部模态与车轮多边形的形成也有必然联系, 轮轨摩擦振动则普遍适用于解释所有轨道车辆车轮多边形的产生, 车轮自身材质特性及制造镟修工艺也是车轮多边形现象发生的潜在因素; 动静态检测是处理车轮多边形现象的方法之一, 另外就是通过优化车辆-轨道系统结构、加强车轮生产工艺、对车轮踏面圆度及时修正等措施实现对车轮多边形现象的控制; 目前, 镟修仍是车轮多边形最直接处理手段, 应当改善镟修工艺。
- 车辆工程 /
- 高速列车 /
- 车轮多边形 /
- 动力学 /
- 影响 /
- 机理
Abstract: Aiming at the problem of wheel polygons common to rail vehicles, the effects of wheel polygons on the dynamics performance of rail vehicles were described from the aspects of rail vehicle stability, curve passing ability, and stability, and the impact of wheel polygons on the vehicle-track system components was evaluated from the perspective of fatigue life.The formation mechanism of wheel polygon was classified based on the research of wheel-axle and track structural characteristics, wheel-rail dynamic effect, wheel materials and processing technology. The existing methods of wheel polygon detection and control were summarized by summarizing the influence of wheel polygons and their causes. The research prospects of wheel polygons were proposed to provide a reference for the subsequent research on wheel polygons. Research result shows that the wheel polygon will threaten the stability of vehicle system, reduce the curve passing performance and vehicle stability, affect the passengers' comfort, and cause resonance fatigue damage to vehicle-track components. The wheel-axle resonance is one of the causes of low-speed vehicle wheel polygons. The response of rails under the external excitation and local modes are also necessarily related to the formation of wheel polygons. The wheel-rail friction vibration is generally applicable to explain the generation of wheel polygons for all rail vehicles. The wheel's own material characteristics and manufacturing repair process are also potential factors to reduce the wheel polygon phenomenon. Dynamic and static detections are one of the methods to deal with the wheel polygon phenomenon. In addition, the wheel polygon phenomenon can be controlled by optimizing the structure of vehicle-track system, strengthening the wheel production process, and timely correcting the roundness of wheel tread. Wheel repair is still the most direct means to deal with the wheel polygon, and the repair process should be improved.
- vehicle engineering /
- high-speed train /
- wheel polygon /
- dynamics /
- influence /
- mechanism

HTML全文

图 1 高速列车车轮多边形

Figure 1. Wheel polygons of high-speed trains

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图 2 周期性车轮多边形结构

Figure 2. Structures of periodic wheel polygon

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图 3 不同速度下车轮多边形波深与阶数对轮轨垂向力影响

Figure 3. Influences of wave depth and order of wheel polygon on vertical forces between wheel and rail under different speeds

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图 4 齿轮箱的疲劳损伤

Figure 4. Fatigue damage of gear box

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图 5 镟修前后制动盘加速度趋势对比

Figure 5. Comparison of brake disk acceleration trends before and after repair

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图 6 轮对1阶弯曲振动

Figure 6. First-order bending vibration of wheelset

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图 7 车轮多边形引起的车轮振动频率

Figure 7. Wheel vibration frequencies caused by wheel polygon

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图 8 9阶多边形形成

Figure 8. Formation of ninth-order polygons

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图 9 车轮多边形对车辆垂向平稳性的影响

Figure 9. Influence of wheel polygon on vehicle vertical stability

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图 10 车轮多边形对车辆横向平稳性的影响

Figure 10. Influences of wheel polygon on vehicle lateral stability

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图 11 踏面粗糙度测试仪

Figure 11. Tread roughness tester

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图 12 车辆踏面清扫装置

Figure 12. Vehicle tread sweeper

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图 13 车轮多边形现象应对策略

Figure 13. Preventive solution to wheel polygon

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表 1 车轮多边形的研究方法及形成机理

Table 1. Research methods and formation mechanisms of wheel polygon

车辆类型	速度/(km·h^-1)	多边形阶次	激励频率/Hz	方法	形成机理	文献来源
所有类型	< 350	1~4	< 120	模拟仿真	轮轴共振	^[25]
地铁车辆	< 80	8~13	39~150	线路试验+模拟仿真	轮轴共振、轮轨摩擦振动	^[50]~^[53]、^[61]~^[65]
高速列车1	< 350	18~20	500~650	线路试验+模拟仿真	轨道特性、车轮材料特性及加工工艺	^[55]~^[57]、^[68]
高速列车2	< 250	15~16	260~310	线路试验+模拟仿真	轮轨摩擦振动、车轮材料特性	^[67]

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