Influencing factors and mechanism analysis for evaluation of fatigue characteristics of emulsified asphalt residues
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摘要: 基于简化黏弹性连续介质损伤(S-VECD)理论研究了乳化沥青残留物应力应变响应特征、疲劳损伤特性与疲劳寿命预估，通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等微观手段分析了乳化沥青残留物相态结构、共混改性以及疲劳损伤的影响机理。研究结果表明：普通乳化沥青残留物的损伤曲线存在交错现象，添加改性剂使得损伤曲线不再产生交错，提升了乳化沥青残留物的疲劳性能，SBR改性剂的改善效果更为显著；改性乳化沥青残留物在EN、ASTM蒸发方式下的损伤曲线较DHM蒸发方式下更平缓，表现出EN、ASTM蒸发方式下的残留物抵抗损伤能力更强；从疲劳寿命提升幅度上看，不同蒸发方式制备的普通乳化沥青残留物的最大疲劳寿命较最小疲劳寿命提升56.9%，而SBS、SBR改性乳化沥青残留物分别提升179.1%和67.8%，表明蒸发方式对改性乳化沥青残留物的巨大影响，且DHM蒸发方式下改性乳化沥青残留物的疲劳寿命均最小；添加改性剂和改变蒸发方式会引起官能团含量、胶体结构和微观粗糙度的变化；DHM蒸发方式更易使得改性乳化沥青残留物发生氧化作用，并且促使更多的沥青质的产生，使得胶团的胶溶性降低，凝胶化增强，导致乳化沥青残留物的疲劳性能降低，影响疲劳性能的评估结果；原子力显微镜试验表明通过DHM蒸发方法制备的改性乳化沥青残留物，分子结构中O2-和H+发生了交换缩合反应，可能产生了化学胶结结构，进而影响了乳化沥青残留物疲劳性能的准确表征与评价。Abstract: The stress-strain response characteristics, fatigue damage characteristics, and fatigue life prediction of emulsified asphalt residues were investigated based on the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) theory. Microscopic approaches such as Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM) were adopted to study the influence mechanisms of morphology structure, blending modification, and fatigue damage of emulsified asphalt residues. Research results show that the damage curves of common emulsified asphalt residues are staggered. The addition of modifiers makes the damage curves no longer staggered, and the fatigue performance of emulsified asphalt residues is improved. Furthermore, the improvement effect of the SBR modifier is more obvious. The damage curves of modified emulsified asphalt residues prepared by the EN and ASTM evaporation methods are smoother than those prepared by the DHM evaporation method, which indicates that the residues obtained by the EN and ASTM evaporation methods have stronger resistance to damage. From the perspective of the fatigue life improvement, the maximum fatigue life of common emulsified asphalt residues prepared by different evaporation methods is 56.9% higher than the minimum fatigue life, and the SBS and SBR modified emulsified asphalt residues increase by 179.1% and 67.8%, respectively. This means that the modified emulsified asphalt residues are highly affected by the evaporation methods, and the fatigue life of modified emulsified asphalt residues is the smallest under the DHM evaporation method. Functional group contents, colloid structures, and microscopic roughness will be changed by adding modifiers and adjusting evaporation methods. The DHM evaporation method is more likely to cause oxidation of modified emulsified asphalt residues and promote the production of more asphaltenes. It decreases the solubility of micelles and enhances the gelation. As a result, the fatigue performance of emulsified asphalt residues reduces, and the evaluation result of fatigue performance is affected. AFM test results suggest that the exchange condensation reaction between O2- and H+ occurs in the molecular structure of modified emulsified asphalt residues prepared by the DHM evaporation method. In addition, chemical cementation structures may appear, and thus the accurate characterization and evaluation of fatigue performance of emulsified asphalt residues are affected.
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表 1 基质沥青技术指标
Table 1. Technical indexes of matrix asphalt
技术指标 测试值 测试方法 25 ℃针入度/0.1 mm 72 沥青针入度试验
(T 0604—2011)15 ℃延度/cm >150 沥青延度试验
(T 0605—2011)软化点/℃ 48.8 沥青软化点试验(环球法)
(T 0606—2011)135 ℃布氏旋转黏度/(Pa·s) 0.65 沥青旋转黏度试验(布洛克菲尔德黏度计法)(T 0625—2011) RTFO测试
(163 ℃，85 min)
后残留物质量变化/% -0.2 沥青薄膜加热试验
(T 0609—2011)针入度比/% 74 沥青针入度试验
(T 0604—2011)15 ℃延度/cm 25 沥青延度试验
(T 0605—2011)
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表 2 乳化剂技术指标
Table 2. Technical indexes of emulsifier
技术指标 测试值 外观 棕色黏稠液体，易溶于水 固含量/% 72.9% 总胺量/(mmol·g-1) 5.7 pH值 9~11
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表 3 改性剂技术指标
Table 3. Technical indexes of modifiers
类型 固含量/% pH值 密度/(g·cm-3) 机械稳定性/% SBS胶乳 45 5~7 0.97 ≤1.0 SBR胶乳 65 5~7 0.99 ≤1.0
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表 4 乳化沥青残留物测试指标
Table 4. Test indexes of emulsified asphalt residues
类型 针入度/0.1 mm 软化点/℃ 15 ℃延度/cm 70# 72.0 48.8 ＞150.0 普通70#(ASTM蒸发方式) 45.3 54.6 29.4 普通70#(EN蒸发方式) 52.9 54.5 44.0 普通70#(DHM蒸发方式) 57.3 51.4 81.9 70#+SBS(ASTM蒸发方式) 41.5 57.3 41.6 70#+SBS(EN蒸发方式) 47.4 56.1 58.4 70#+SBS(DHM蒸发方式) 69.0 54.4 95.5 70#+SBR(ASTM蒸发方式) 44.4 63.3 ＞150.0 70#+SBR(EN蒸发方式) 45.6 60.8 ＞150.0 70#+SBR(DHM蒸发方式) 59.7 63.5 ＞150.0
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表 5 疲劳参数拟合值
Table 5. Fitting value of fatigue parameters
拟合值 70# 普通70# 70#+SBS 70#+SBR DHM蒸发方式 EN蒸发方式 ASTM蒸发方式 DHM蒸发方式 EN蒸发方式 ASTM蒸发方式 DHM蒸发方式 EN蒸发方式 ASTM蒸发方式 C1/10-6 22.70 7.94 352.00 2 340.00 44.30 58.30 8.25 1 380.00 211.00 427.40 C2 0.50 0.55 0.37 0.28 0.47 0.44 0.53 0.31 0.38 0.35 绝对系数 0.99 0.99 0.93 0.96 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.99 0.98
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表 6 乳化沥青残留物特征官能团指数
Table 6. Characteristic functional group indexes of emulsified asphalt residues
特征官能团 普通70# 70#+SBS 70#+SBR DHM蒸发方式 EN蒸发方式 ASTM蒸发方式 DHM蒸发方式 EN蒸发方式 ASTM蒸发方式 DHM蒸发方式 EN蒸发方式 ASTM蒸发方式 C=O 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.003 Ar 0.137 0.140 0.142 0.129 0.159 0.164 0.134 0.144 0.148 S=O 0.124 0.121 0.115 0.110 0.072 0.068 0.203 0.107 0.058
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