Preparation of self-leveling epoxy asphalt concrete and its rheological properties during mixing and paving periods
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摘要:
为满足桥面沥青铺装预制装配和服役性能需求，在浇注式沥青混凝土和环氧沥青混凝土的基础上提出了自流平环氧沥青混凝土(SLEA)的平衡设计方法和制备流程，探究了不同级配和油石比对SLEA流动性能和力学强度的影响规律，分析了拌和摊铺期SLEA的流变性能；根据Bingham塑性流体力学特性定义了SLEA的广义拌和黏度，考虑集料形貌特征针片状指数、分形维数、级配组成特征形状参数和尺度参数建立了SLEA拌和摊铺期流变性能的预估模型。研究结果表明：细、中、粗级配的SLEA10流动性(200 ℃)分别为15、25、32 s, 贯入度(60 ℃)分别为245、233、228(0.01 mm)，均大于规范要求，说明其具有良好流动性和力学强度，能够满足预制装配和服役性能需求；级配对SLEA10流动性影响较大，对其强度影响较小，流动性主要取决于级配粗细和集料特征，而成型后强度主要取决于环氧沥青固化，级配粗细影响程度较小；建立的广义拌和黏度预估模型实测值和拟合值的决定系数达到0.94，说明该模型能够有效预估其流变性能；基于分析结果，建议选择尺寸规则、表面粗糙度较小、级配较细的集料类型，以实现其自流平免碾压功能。
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关键词:
- 路面工程 /
- 预制装配 /
- 平衡设计方法 /
- 自流平环氧沥青混凝土 /
- 流变性能预估模型
Abstract:To meet the precast assembly and service performance demands of bridge deck asphalt pavements (BDAP), the balance design method and development procedures of self-leveling epoxy asphalt concrete (SLEA) were proposed based on guss asphalt concrete and epoxy asphalt concrete. The effects of different gradations and asphalt-aggregate ratios on the flowability and mechanical strength of SLEA were investigated. The rheological properties of SLEA during the mixing and paving periods were analyzed. Based on Bingham's plastic fluid mechanics properties, the generalized mixing viscosity of SLEA was defined. Considering aggregate morphological features including needle flake index, fractal dimension, as well as gradation composition characteristics including shape parameters and scale parameters, a prediction model for the rheological properties of SLEA during mixing and paving periods was built. Research results show that the flowability (at 200 ℃) of fine, medium, and coarse-graded SLEA10 is 15, 25, and 32 s, respectively, while the penetration (at 60 ℃) reaches 245, 233, and 228 (0.01 mm). All values exceed the specification requirements, demonstrating excellent flowability and mechanical strength to meet precast assembly and service performance demands. Gradation significantly influences SLEA10 flowability but has relatively small influences on its strength. The flowability mainly depends on the gradation fineness and aggregate characteristics, while the strength after molding mainly depends on the consolidation of epoxy asphalt, with gradation fineness playing a minor role. The established prediction model of generalized mixing viscosity achieves an determination coefficient of 0.94 between measured values and fitted values, demonstrating its effectiveness in predicting rheological properties. Based on the analysis results, it is recommended to choose the aggregates with regular size, low surface roughness, and finer gradation to realize the self-leveling and compaction-free function.
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图 5 不同转动速率下SLEA的名义拌和扭矩
Figure 5. Nominal mixing torque of SLEA at different rotation rates
图 10 集料形貌参数、级配组成参数和G的相关性
Figure 10. Correlation between aggregate morphology parameters, gradation composition parameters and G
表 1 A级70#道路沥青主要技术性能
Table 1. Main technical properties of A grade 70# asphalt
检测项目 技术指标 检测结果 试验方法 密度(15 ℃)/ (g·cm-3) 1.023 JTG E20—2011 T0603 针入度(25 ℃)/ (0.1 mm) 60~80 65 JTG E20—2011 T0604 针入度指数 -1.5±1.0 0.70 JTG E20—2011 T0604 软化点/℃ ≥46 46.8 JTG E20—2011 T0606 延度(温度10 ℃, 拉伸速度5 cm·min-1)/cm ≥35 49 JTG E20—2011 T0605 延度(温度15 ℃, 拉伸速度5 cm·min-1)/cm ≥100 >100 JTG E20—2011 T0605 闪点/℃ ≥260 295 JTG E20—2011 T0611 动力黏度(60 ℃)/ (Pa·s) ≥180 188.9 JTG E20—2011 T0620 滚动薄膜烘箱试验163 ℃ 质量损失/% ≤±0.8 0.055 JTG E20—2011 T0610 针入度比(25 ℃)/% ≥61 74 延度(10 ℃)/cm ≥6 9 
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表 2 环氧树脂主要技术性能
Table 2. Main technical properties of epoxy resin
检测项目 技术指标 检测结果 试验方法 环氧当量 187 GB/T 4612—2008 主剂黏度/(Pa·s) 3 473 GB/T 22314—2008 固化剂黏度/(Pa·s) 681 固化时间(170 ℃)/min 43 GB/T 16777—2008 拉伸强度(23 ℃)/MPa ≥3.0 3.89 GB/T 2567—2008 断裂伸长率(23 ℃)/% ≥100 133 吸水率/% ≤0.3 0.1 GB/T 1457—2008
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表 3 SLEA不同级配通过率
Table 3. Passing percentage of different SLEA gradations
筛孔尺寸/mm 13.2 9.5 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 通过率/% 级配上限 100.0 100.0 80.0 63.0 52.0 46.0 40.0 36.0 30.0 级配下限 100.0 80.0 63.0 48.0 38.0 32.0 27.0 24.0 20.0 级配中值 100.0 90.0 71.5 55.5 45.0 39.0 33.5 30.0 25.0 细级配 100.0 99.8 79.2 61.9 51.6 45.3 38.9 35.6 29.3 中级配 100.0 90.6 70.3 56.6 44.2 38.4 33.3 29.5 24.2 粗级配 100.0 80.6 63.3 48.6 38.2 32.4 27.3 24.5 20.2
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表 4 不同级配的SLEA10沥青混凝土性能检测结果
Table 4. Performance test results of SLEA10 asphalt concrete with different gradations
检测项目 技术指标 细级配 中级配 粗级配 试验方法 流动性(200 ℃)/s ≤50 15 25 32 JTG/T 3364-02—2019附录G 贯入度(60 ℃)/(0.01 mm) 100~350 245 233 228 JTG/T 3364-02—2019附录J 贯入度增量(60 ℃)/(0.01 mm) ≤35 20 19 17
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表 5 不同油石比下SLEA10性能检测结果
Table 5. Performance test results of SLEA10 under different asphalt-aggregate ratios
检测项目 技术指标 油石比 试验方法 7.6% 7.8% 8.0% 8.2% 8.4% 流动性(200 ℃)/s ≤50 28 21 15 13 12 JTG/T 3364-02—2019附录G 贯入度(60 ℃)/(0.01 mm) 100~350 182 221 245 311 346 JTG/T 3364-02—2019附录J 贯入度增量(60 ℃)/(0.01 mm) ≤35 17 18 20 36 44 动稳定度(60 ℃)/(次·mm) ≥350 1 669 1 546 1 458 1 339 1 265 JTG E20—2011 T0719 弯曲极限应变/10-6 ≥3500 3 586 3 618 3 762 3 846 3 897 JTG E20—2011 T0715
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表 6 每种集料9组不同的级配组成
Table 6. Nine different sets of gradation compositions for each type of aggregate
编号 最大公称粒径/mm 粗细 1 13.20 细 2 13.20 中 3 13.20 粗 4 9.50 细 5 9.50 中 6 9.50 粗 7 4.75 细 8 4.75 中 9 4.75 粗
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表 7 模型参数拟合结果
Table 7. Fitting results of model parameters
系数 取值 标准误差 相关性 M -0.077 78 0.007 02 0.998 44 A 0.017 85 0.006 38 0.999 47 B 0.036 79 0.006 57 0.999 51 C 2.440 17 1.336 56 0.999 16 D 1.249 73 0.763 56 0.998 02 Q -12.724 63 3.145 35 0.999 44
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