Review on mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced cementitious composite-encased concrete-filled steel tube composite columns
Article Text (Baidu Translation)
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摘要:
为整合分散研究并厘清性能增益机理，以推动外包纤维增强水泥基复合材料（FRCC）钢管混凝土（CFST）叠合柱（简称FRCC-CFST柱）在钢-混组合桥梁中的工程化应用，系统调研了国内外110余篇相关研究，遵循“材料→界面→构件→设计→应用”的逻辑主线，全面梳理与分析了3类典型FRCC外包材料——工程水泥基复合材料（ECC）、超高性能混凝土（UHPC）和混杂纤维水泥基复合材料（HFC）在FRCC-CFST柱中的研究进展与应用探索。研究结果表明：材料层面，3类FRCC表现出差异化优势，其中ECC延展性最优，UHPC承载力最高，HFC综合性能居中；界面方面，FRCC的高黏结性与纤维桥联机制有助于延缓外包层剥落，提升协同工作能力，设置栓钉、界面钢筋或提高界面粗糙度可有效增强钢管-FRCC界面黏结力，改善破坏形态；构件层面，FRCC-CFST柱在轴压、偏压、抗弯、抗剪、抗震、抗冲击和高温等多种工况下均表现出显著优于传统外包普通混凝土CFST叠合柱的性能，性能提升幅度与FRCC类型及构造约束密切相关；设计层面，部分力学模型已具备良好的预测能力，但现行规范未能充分考虑FRCC的高延性与界面特性，导致承载力评估偏于保守；应用层面，外包UHPC-CFST叠合柱已在广州海心桥等工程中获得验证，而外包ECC-CFST叠合柱与外包HFC-CFST叠合柱仍多处于试验阶段，受限于成本、施工适配性与设计规范空白等因素。未来应重点加强中长柱稳定性、多灾耦合响应与界面协同机制等方面的研究，推动形成完善的设计理论与工程适用体系，促进FRCC-CFST柱的标准化、规模化应用。
Abstract:To integrate dispersed studies and clarify the mechanisms underlying performance enhancement, a systematic review of over 110 studies in China and abroad was conducted to promote the practical engineering application of fiber-reinforced cementitious composite (FRCC)-encased concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns (hereafter referred to as FRCC-CFST columns) in steel-concrete composite bridges. Following the sequence of "material → interface → member → design → application", the research progress and practical applications of three typical FRCC encasing materials, including engineered cementitious composites (ECC), ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), and hybrid fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (HFC), in FRCC-CFST columns were comprehensively summarized and analyzed. The results indicate that, at the material level, the three types of FRCC exhibit distinct advantages. ECC shows the best ductility, UHPC provides the highest load-bearing capacity, and HFC demonstrates intermediate overall performance. At the interface level, the high bonding strength and fiber-bridging mechanisms of FRCC help delay spalling of the encasement and enhance composite action. Measures such as installing shear studs, adding interface reinforcement, or increasing interface roughness can effectively enhance the steel tube-FRCC bond strength and improve the failure mode. At the member level, FRCC-CFST columns exhibit significantly superior performance under various conditions, including axial compression, eccentric compression, bending, shear, seismic, impact, and high temperature, compared with conventional CFST composite columns encased with ordinary concrete. The degree of performance enhancement is closely related to the FRCC type and structural confinement. At the design level, some mechanical models have demonstrated good predictive capability. However, existing design codes do not fully consider the high ductility and interface characteristics of FRCC, resulting in conservative load-bearing capacity evaluation. At the application level, UHPC-encased CFST columns have been validated in engineering practice, such as the Haixin Bridge in Guangzhou. In contrast, ECC- and HFC-encased CFST columns are still mostly in the experimental stage, limited by factors such as cost, construction adaptability, and the lack of design specifications. Future research should focus on the stability of medium and long columns, multi-hazard coupled responses, and interface cooperative mechanisms, so as to promote the development of a complete design theory and engineering application system and facilitate the standardized and large-scale application of FRCC-CFST columns.
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Key words:
- bridge engineering /
- CFST composite column /
- review /
- fiber-reinforced cementitious composite /
- ECC /
- UHPC /
- HFC /
- mechanical performance
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图 1 钢管外壁-外包层OC界面受力机理与黏结破坏机理
Figure 1. Stress mechanism and bond failure mechanism of interface between steel tube outer wall and OC encasement
图 2 钢管外壁-外包混凝土界面微观对比
Figure 2. Microscopic comparison of interfaces between steel tube outer wall and outer concrete
图 3 带纤维编织网增强EC-CFST柱制作流程
Figure 3. Fabrication process of EC-CFST columns reinforced with fiber woven mesh
图 4 钢筋增强EC-CFST柱制作流程
Figure 4. Fabrication process of rebar-reinforced EC-CFST columns
图 15 承载力计算公式精度对比
Figure 15. Accuracy comparison of load-bearing capacity calculation formulas
性能参数 OC ECC UHPC HFC 抗压强度/MPa 25~50 30~90 120~230 40~100 抗拉强度/MPa 2~3 4~6 7~15 3~6 抗折强度/MPa 2~5 10~15 25~60 6~12 弹性模量/GPa 30~40 15~34 40~60 20~35 纤维类型 PVA/PE 钢纤维 钢纤维+PVA/PP 纤维掺量/% 1.5~2.0 1.5~3.0 1.5~2.0+0.2~0.5 断裂韧性/（kJ·m⁻²） 0.12 20~30 20~40 15~25 氯离子扩散系数/（m²·s⁻¹） > 1.0×10⁻¹¹ < 1.0×10⁻¹² < 1.0×10-13 < 1.0×10⁻¹² 冻融剥离/（g·cm⁻²） > 1 000 50~100 7 100~200 吸水特征/（kg·m⁻³） 2.7 0.2~0.5 0.2 0.3~0.6 电阻率/（kΩ·cm） 96 500~1 500 1 133 400~1 200 徐变系数 1.4~2.5 0.8~1.2 0.2~0.3 1.0~1.5 磨耗系数 4.0 1.0~2.0 1.3 2.0~3.0 抗渗等级 ≤P12 ≥P25 ≥P35 ≥P20 抗压比强度 ≈1.7 ≈3.0 ≈6.5 ≈2.5 
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表 2 不同配筋对EC-CFST柱力学性能的影响[55-64]
Table 2. Effect of different reinforcement configurations on mechanical properties of EC-CFST columns[55-64]
配筋形式 约束机制 比较对象 承载力提升/% 延性变化 主要发现 无配筋 基体纤维桥联 CFST柱 25.0 基本无变化 裂缝细散、早期剥落 纤维编织网 网状张力约束 无配筋EC-CFST柱 15.8~31.4 略有提高 网层数影响大于网眼尺寸 钢筋网 被动箍筋约束 相同配筋OC-CFST柱 30.0 提高 耗能提高110%，协调协同 高配箍率钢筋网 强主动挤压 相同配筋OC-CFST柱 35.0 大幅提高 峰值后下降段更平缓 GFRP螺旋箍筋钢筋网 复合高强 相同配筋OC-CFST柱 14.2 显著提高 有效侧向应力提高20%~30 % 注：无配筋组中，比较对象CFST柱的截面尺寸和材料强度均与EC-CFST柱内部CFST柱相同；其他组中，比较对象除外包层材料强度和配筋形式外，试件截面尺寸和其他材料强度均与所比较EC-CFST柱相同。
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表 3 FRCC-CFST柱与OC-CFST柱偏压破坏机理对比[74-81]
Table 3. Comparison of eccentric compression failure mechanisms between FRCC-CFST and OC-CFST columns[74-81]
外包层 小偏心（受压控制） 大偏心（受拉控制） 机理差异与性能评价 OC 受压区早期压溃剥落→钢管外鼓屈→剩余承载骤降 受拉侧贯通裂缝扩展至受压区→受压区压溃，形成整体脆断 OC脆性大、极限压应变低；外包层过早失效，钢管与核心混凝土约束迅速减弱 ECC ECC受压区呈多裂-韧性压碎，外包层保持完整→破坏由压区逐步过渡到钢管/核心混凝土 受拉侧多裂缝细化且受控，受压区基本完好→构件整体延性高 高极限应变+裂缝桥联效应抑制剥落；ECC延性释放改善协同作用 UHPC UHPC高强显著提升承载力，但裂缝稀少、峰后延性低；若无箍筋或钢带约束→峰值后脆降 受拉侧产生主裂缝但难扩展至压区，破坏由内钢管屈曲主导 UHPC高强、低极限应变→承载力高但延性差；需外箍/钢带提供横向约束防脆降 HFC 混杂纤维使压区细裂-受控压碎，外包层不脱落，残余承载保持 受拉区多裂细化、桥联显著→破坏平缓、残余承载力高 钢纤维提高强度，合成纤维提高延性；实现“高强-高韧”折中，峰后性能优于单纤维体系
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外包层类型 钢纤维掺量/% 首裂荷载表现 极限弯矩承载力/% 延性与裂缝特征 OC外包 易出现早期贯通裂缝 基准值（100%） 延性较低，开裂后承载力迅速下降 UHPC外包 0 略有提高 100.0 延性破坏，一旦开裂承载力略有降低（外包层无纤维桥联） UHPC外包 1 明显提高 117.9 延性显著提升，裂缝数量减少、宽度减小 UHPC外包 2 明显提高 121.3 延性良好，破坏过程平稳 UHPC外包 3 明显提高 125.1 延性良好，裂缝进一步受控，但增幅趋缓
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表 5 FRCC-CFST柱轴压承载力计算公式汇总
Table 5. Summary of axial compression capacity calculation formulas for FRCC-CFST columns
叠合柱类型 文献 承载力计算公式 编号 年份 EC-CFST短柱 [59] $ {N}_{\mathrm{u}}={A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}+{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{c}}{f}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{c}} $ （1） 2018 [58] $ {N}_{\mathrm{u}}={N}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}}+{N}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}+{N}_{\mathrm{F}\mathrm{R}\mathrm{P}} $
$ {N}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}(1+{\alpha }_{1}\theta )& \theta \le 1/({\alpha }_{1}{-1)}^{2}\\ {f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}(1+\sqrt{\theta }+\theta )& \theta > 1/({\alpha }_{1}{-1)}^{2}\end{array}\right. $
$ {N}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}=0.95{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}{f}_{\mathrm{n}\mathrm{c}} $，$ {N}_{\mathrm{F}\mathrm{R}\mathrm{P}}=0.913{\left({f}_{\mathrm{l}\mathrm{u}}/{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}\right)}^{0.5}{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}, 1}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}} $（2） 2021 EC-CFST短柱 [64] $ {N}_{\mathrm{u}}={N}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}+0.9{N}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}} $，$ {N}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}={f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}({A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}-{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{s}})+{f}_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{y}}{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{s}} $，$ {N}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}}={f}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{c}}{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{c}} $ （3） 2022 [61] $ {N}_{\mathrm{u}}=\alpha {\eta }_{\mathrm{E}}\left({A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}, 0}{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}, 0}+{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}, 1}{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}, 1}\right)+\beta {A}_{\mathrm{a}}{f}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{c}}+\gamma {A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{s}}{f}_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{c}} $ （4） 2025 UC-CFST短柱 [65] $ {N}_{\mathrm{u}}={\gamma }_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}}{N}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}}+{\gamma }_{\mathrm{U}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{C}}{N}_{\mathrm{U}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{C}} $
$\begin{cases}\gamma_{\mathrm{CFST}}=1, \gamma_{\mathrm{UHPC}}=0 & \alpha_{\mathrm{u}}<0.10 \\ \gamma_{\mathrm{CFST}}=0.9, \gamma_{\mathrm{UHPC}}=\alpha_{\mathrm{u}}+0.4 & 0.10 \leqslant \alpha_{\mathrm{u}} \leqslant 0.6 \\ \gamma_{\mathrm{CFST}}=0.9, \gamma_{\mathrm{UHPC}}=1 & 0.60<\alpha_{\mathrm{u}} \leqslant 0.95 \\ \gamma_{\mathrm{CFST}}=\frac{1+\theta}{1+\theta+\sqrt{\theta}}, \gamma_{\mathrm{UHPC}}=1 & \alpha_{\mathrm{u}}>0.95\end{cases}$（5） 2018 [7] $ {N}_{\mathrm{u}}={f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}+{f}_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{t}}{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{s}}+{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}\left[1+1.8{f}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{y}}{A}_{\mathrm{a}}∕\left({f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}\right)\right] $ （6） 2021 [68] $ {N}_{\mathrm{u}}=({f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}+{f}_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{t}}{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{s}})+{N}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}} $
$ {N}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}(1+{\alpha }_{1}\theta )& \theta \le 1/({\alpha }_{1}{-1)}^{2}\\ {f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}(1+\sqrt{\theta }+\theta )& \theta > 1/({\alpha }_{1}{-1)}^{2}\end{array}\right. $（7） 2022 [65] $ {N}_{\mathrm{u}}={N}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}+{N}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}}, $$ {N}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}={k}_{1}{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}+{f}_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{t}}{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{s}}, $$ {N}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}}={k}_{2}(1.14+1.02\theta ){f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}} $ （8） 2023 [102] $ {N}_{\mathrm{u}}={f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}+{f}_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{t}}{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{s}}+{\gamma }_{\mathrm{U}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{C}}{N}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}} $
$ {N}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}0.9{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}(1+{\alpha }_{1}\theta )& \theta \le 1/({\alpha }_{1}{-1)}^{2}\\ 0.9{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}(1+\sqrt{\theta }+\theta )& \theta > 1/({\alpha }_{1}{-1)}^{2}\end{array}\right. $（9） 2023 [69] $ {N}_{\mathrm{u}}=\mu ({f}_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{t}}{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{s}}+{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}, 0}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}, 0}+{N}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}, 1})+{\gamma }_{\mathrm{p}}{N}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}} $ （10） 2024 [79] $ {N}_{\mathrm{u}}=0.85{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}+0.85{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}+{f}_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{t}}{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{s}}+{f}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{y}}{A}_{\mathrm{a}} $ （11） 2024 [71] $ N_{\mathrm{u}}=0.9 \varphi\left(\eta N_{\mathrm{s}}+\alpha_2 f_{\mathrm{ay}} A_{\mathrm{a}}+N_{\mathrm{UHPC}}\right) $ （12） 2024 [67] $ {N}_{\mathrm{u}}={N}_{\mathrm{U}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{C}}+\ddot{Y}{N}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}}+{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{s}}{f}_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{t}} $
$ {N}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}}=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0.5{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}\left(1+{\alpha }_{1}{\theta }^{{}^{{}^{{}^{{}^{{}^{}}}}}}\right)\begin{array}{cc}\begin{array}{cc}& \end{array}& \end{array}\theta \le 1.56\\ 0.9{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}\left(1+\sqrt{\theta }+\theta \right)\begin{array}{cc}& \end{array}\theta > 1.56\end{array}\right. $（13） 2024 UC-CFST中长柱 [25] $ N_{\mathrm{ul}}=\varphi_1 N_{\mathrm{u}} $
$ {\varphi }_{\mathrm{l}}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}1& {\lambda }_{\mathrm{l}}\le 20\\ 1-0.008({\lambda }_{\mathrm{l}}-20)& {\lambda }_{\mathrm{l}} > 20\end{array}\right. $（14） 2024 HFC-CFST短柱 [73] $ {N}_{\mathrm{u}}=\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}\left\{{N}_{\mathrm{P}}^{\mathrm{*}}, {N}_{\mathrm{P}}\right\} $
$ N_{\mathrm{P}}=\left(\frac{\varepsilon_{\mathrm{P}}-\varepsilon_{\mathrm{y}}}{\varepsilon_{\mathrm{STC}}-\varepsilon_{\mathrm{y}}}\right) \lambda_3 f_{\mathrm{at}} A_{\mathrm{a}}+f_{\mathrm{at}} A_{\mathrm{a}}+f_{\mathrm{ci}} A_{\mathrm{ci}}+\frac{X_{\mathrm{P}} f_{\mathrm{ccu}} A_{\mathrm{HF}}}{b\left(X_{\mathrm{P}}-1\right)^2+X_{\mathrm{P}}} $
$ N_{\mathrm{P}}^*=f_{\mathrm{ci}} A_{\mathrm{ci}}+\left(1+\lambda_3\right) f_{\mathrm{at}} A_{\mathrm{a}}+\frac{f_{\mathrm{cu}} A_{\mathrm{HF}} \varepsilon_{\mathrm{STC}} / \varepsilon_{\mathrm{cu}}}{b\left(\varepsilon_{\mathrm{STC}} / \varepsilon_{\mathrm{cu}}-1\right)^2+\varepsilon_{\mathrm{STC}} / \varepsilon_{\mathrm{cu}}} $（15） 2022 注：Nu、NCFST、NUHPC、Nco、NFRP、Nul、Ns、Np、Np*分别为叠合柱轴压承载力、内部CFST轴压承载力、外部UHPC轴压承载力、钢管外混凝土轴压承载力、FRP纤维轴压承载力、中长柱轴压承载力、预应力钢带约束混凝土轴压承载力、HFC-CFST柱对应峰值应变的轴向抗压承载力、内层CFST单独作用时的承载力；fsc、fco，0、fco，1、fci、fco、fnc、fni、fccu、fcu分别为CFST抗压强度设计值、无约束钢管外混凝土强度、约束钢管外混凝土强度、钢管内混凝土强度、钢管外混凝土强度、不考虑横向约束的外部混凝土的圆柱体抗压强度、不考虑横向约束的管内混凝土的圆柱体抗压强度、约束层混合纤维-水泥复合材料的峰值应力、混凝土立方体抗压强度；fat、fac、fay分别为钢材抗拉、抗压强度设计值、屈服强度；fyt、fyc、fyy分别为钢筋抗拉、抗压强度设计值和屈服强度；Asc、Aco，0、Aco，1、Aa、Ass、Ac、Aco、Aci、AHF分别为CFST面积、无约束钢管外混凝土面积、箍筋约束钢管外混凝土面积、钢管截面面积、钢筋截面面积、混凝土总面积、钢管外混凝土面积、钢管内混凝土面积、限制层的混杂纤维-水泥复合材料的横截面积；α、α1、α2、αu分别为ECC壳承载力发挥系数、钢管内混凝土强度等级有关的系数、内钢管承载力的折减系数、UHPC面积比；θ为套箍系数；β为钢管再生混凝土承载力发挥系数；ηE、η分别为ECC承载力削弱系数、钢带强度提高系数；γ为纵筋的承载力发挥系数；γCFST、γUHPC分别为CFST和UHPC承载力折减系数；γp为CFST贡献率；k1、k2分别为校正系数和强化系数；μ为轴压系数；φ、φl分别为轴心受压混凝土的稳定系数、长细比折减系数；λl、λ3分别为长细比、钢管改善系数；Y为强度折减因子；Xp为HFC-CFST柱的峰值应变与约束层HFC的峰值应变的比值；εp为HFC-CFST柱在轴向压缩下的峰值应变；εy、εcu、εSTC分别为钢管屈服应变、混凝土极限压应变、CFST柱的峰值应变；b为HFC材料应力-应变曲线中的待定系数。
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表 6 FRCC-CFST柱偏压承载力计算公式汇总
Table 6. Summary of eccentric compression capacity calculation formulas for FRCC-CFST columns
叠合柱类型 文献 承载力计算公式 编号 年份 EC-CFST短柱 [76] $ {N}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{u}}={N}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}+{N}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}} $
$ {N}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}=\frac{b\mathrm{\text{'}}{x}_{\mathrm{a}}Z}{{\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{u}}}+{f}_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{c}}{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{c}}-{f}_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{t}}{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}} $
$ {N}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}}=\gamma {A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}{\sigma }_{\mathrm{e}, \mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}}+k{f}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{y}}{A}_{\mathrm{a}} $（16） 2020 UC-CFST短柱 [77] $ {N}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{u}}={\varphi }_{\mathrm{e}}{N}_{\mathrm{u}} $
$ {\varphi }_{\mathrm{e}}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\frac{\left(0.90-1.16e/r\right)+\sqrt{{\left(0.90-1.16e/r\right)}^{2}+0.50}}{2}& e/r\le 0.65\\ \frac{\left(0.86-e/r\right)+\sqrt{{\left(0.86-e/r\right)}^{2}+0.36}}{2}& e/r > 0.65\end{array}\right. $（17） 2023 UC-CFST中长柱 [25] $ {N}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{l}}={N}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{U}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{C}}+{N}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}} $
$ {N}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{l}}({\eta }_{\mathrm{c}}e+{x}_{\mathrm{a}}-D/2)={M}_{\mathrm{U}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{C}}+{M}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}} $（18） 2024 [25] $ {N}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{l}}=\varphi {\varphi }_{\mathrm{e}}{N}_{\mathrm{u}} $
$ \varphi =\left\{\begin{array}{ll}1& {\lambda }_{\mathrm{l}}\le 20\\ 1-0.008\left({\lambda }_{\mathrm{l}}-20\right)& {\lambda }_{\mathrm{l}} > 20\end{array}\right. $
$ \varphi_{\mathrm{e}}= \begin{cases}\frac{(0.90-1.16 e / r)+\sqrt{(0.90-1.16 e / r)^2+0.50}}{2} f\left(e / r, \lambda_1\right) & e / r \leqslant 0.65 \\ \frac{(0.86-e / r)+\sqrt{(0.86-e / r)^2+0.36}}{2} f\left(e / r, \lambda_1\right) & e / r>0.65\end{cases}$
$ e/r\le 0.65\mathrm{时} $
$ f\left(e/r, {\lambda }_{\mathrm{l}}\right)=\frac{1}{1.26\left(e/r\right){\lambda }_{\mathrm{l}}}+0.79 $（19） 2024 [78] $ {N}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{l}}={N}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{U}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{C}}+{N}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}} $
$ {N}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{U}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{C}}={f}_{\mathrm{c}}\left[b{x}_{\mathrm{a}}+({b}_{\mathrm{f}}-b){h}_{\mathrm{f}}\right]+\sum {\sigma }_{\mathrm{s}}{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{a}}-\sum {\sigma }_{\mathrm{s}}{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}} $
$ {N}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}}={\varphi }_{\mathrm{e}}\varphi {N}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}} $（20） 2024 注：NeUHPC、NeCFST、Neu、Neul分别为单独计算UHPC组件的偏压承载力、单独计算CFST组件的偏压承载力、短柱偏压承载力、中长柱偏压承载力；MUHPC和MCFST分别为UHPC和CFST的抗弯承载力；xa为受压区高度；Z为根据不同偏压情况可以按照ECC及钢筋的本构关系分别予以计算的系数；b′、bf分别为矩形叠合柱截面宽度、受压区翼缘的有效宽度；hf为受压区翼缘的厚度；D为组合截面直径；σsc、σst分别为受压和受拉钢筋的应力；σe，core为核心CFST中混凝土的等效应力；εcu为混凝土极限压应变；fc为混凝土轴心抗压强度设计值；Aa、Aci分别为钢管截面面积和钢管内混凝土面积；Ast、Asa分别为受拉和受压纵向钢筋的横截面积；k为混凝土受压区高度系数；φe为偏心率折减系数；e为加载偏心距；r为截面半径；ηc为中长柱的弯矩增大系数。
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表 7 FRCC-CFST柱抗弯抗剪承载力计算公式汇总
Table 7. Summary of flexural and shear capacity calculation formulas for FRCC-CFST columns
文献 承载力计算公式 编号 年份 [83] $ {M}_{\mathrm{u}}={M}_{\mathrm{U}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{C}}+{M}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}} $
$ {M}_{\mathrm{U}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{C}}={\alpha }_{3}{f}_{\mathrm{c}}b\mathrm{\text{'}}{x}_{\mathrm{a}}\left({h}_{0}-\frac{{x}_{\mathrm{a}}}{2}\right)+{f}_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{c}}{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{c}}\left({h}_{0}-{a}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{c}}\right) $
$ {M}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}}={r}_{\mathrm{m}}{W}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{c}}{f}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{c}} $（21） 2024 [84] $ {M}_{\mathrm{u}}={M}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{c}}+{M}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{c}}+{M}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}} $
$ {M}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{c}}={f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}}\left(\frac{H}{2}-x\right)B\left(\frac{H+x}{2}\right) $
$ {M}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{c}}={f}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{c}}{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{c}}\left(\frac{H}{2}-{a}_{0}\right) $
$ {M}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}={f}_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{t}}{A}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\left(\frac{H}{2}-{a}_{0}\right) $（22） 2024 [85] $ {V}_{\mathrm{u}}=\left[1+g\left(\varphi \right)\right]{V}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}} $
$ {V}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}}=\left[0.27{f}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}{A}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}}\left(1+3\theta \right)+0.13N\right]\left(1-0.45\sqrt{\frac{a}{D}}\right) $
$ g\left(\varphi \right)=0.41{x}^{0.87} $（23） 2019 注：Mu为抗弯承载力；Moc、Msc和Mst分别为单独计算外部混凝土、考虑套箍系数的CFST和纵筋的抗弯承载力；rm抗弯承载力调整系数；Vu、VCFST分别为结构受剪承载力与单独计算的CFST受剪承载力；Wsc为CFST截面的截面模量；xa为受压区高度；h0叠合柱截面有效高度；α3混凝土受压区等效矩形应力图系数；asc为受压区纵向钢筋合力点至截面受压边缘的距离；H和B分别为横截面的高度和宽度；x为到中性轴的距离；a0为混凝土保护层厚度；N为轴向力设计值；λ为计算截面处的剪跨比；g（φ）为外包层UHPC与CFST的强度贡献比相关的函数。
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材料类型 OC（C30） ECC UHPC HFC 工程造价/（元·m-3） ≈450 1 200~6 200 5 000~7 000 1 900~7 700 相对造价（OC=1.0） 1.0 2.7~13.8 11.1~15.6 4.2~17.1
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表 9 CFST柱、OC-CFST柱与FRCC-CFST柱施工工艺对比[109-112]
Table 9. Comparison of construction methods among CFST, OC-CFST and FRCC-CFST columns[109-112]
比较项目 CFST柱 OC-CFST柱 FRCC-CFST柱 材料拌制 OC工艺成熟，配比通用，拌合设备普遍可满足需求，泵送性好 同CFST柱；外层混凝土推荐使用自密实混凝土以提高密实度 FRCC拌合物黏度大，纤维易团聚，需高效搅拌设备确保均匀；可预先工厂拌制以简化现场工序，施工现场适应性差 浇筑工序 一次浇筑管内混凝土，振捣成型，流程简单，效率高 ①分阶段施工：先浇筑管内混凝土，再浇筑外包层混凝土
②同步施工：内外同时浇筑，质量控制难度较高一般采用分阶段施工：核心混凝土初凝后再灌FRCC，外层浇筑工序繁琐、周期长 界面处理 钢管内壁无须特殊处理，灌注密实即可 钢管外壁需设置剪力件，以增强外包层混凝土与钢管黏结 同OC-CFST柱；钢管外壁需设置剪力键 养护要求 普通自然养护或洒水养护即可满足强度发展 同CFST柱；常规养护即可满足强度发展需求 需要特殊养护：如UHPC需高温蒸汽养护以达到设计性能，现场实施难度大、能耗高
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表 10 现行规范对比以及对FRCC-CFST柱的适用性
Table 10. Comparison of current codes and applicability to FRCC-CFST columns
比较项目 T/CECS 188—2019 JGJ 138—2016 Eurocode 4 AISC 360 适用对象 OC-CFST柱（工业与民用建筑） CFST柱与型钢混凝土柱 钢-混组合构件 钢-混组合构件 设计方法 极限状态法 极限状态法 弹塑性设计法 强度设计法 材料模型 OC/钢材，无FRCC OC/钢材，无FRCC OC/钢材，无FRCC OC/钢材，无FRCC 纤维影响 未考虑 未考虑 未考虑 未考虑 界面连接 栓钉/环向钢筋/粗糙化 栓钉/黏结 剪力连接设计 头钉/剪力连接设计 环境/耐久 常规耐久条款 常规耐久条款 耐久/火灾附录 耐久/防护条款 施工验收 一般施工验收，缺FRCC施工验收条款 一般施工验收，缺FRCC施工验收条款 一般施工验收，缺FRCC施工验收条款 一般施工验收，缺FRCC施工验收条款 FRCC-CFST柱适用性 不直接适用，缺少FRCC本构，构造要求以及施工验收条款 结构体系缺失，无法直接适用 结构体系缺失，无法直接适用 结构体系缺失，无法直接适用
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