Diagnosis method for periodic irregularity of track slab on high-speed railway driven by multi-source dynamic inspection data
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摘要: 为实现高速铁路轨道板周期性不平顺的精准识别与科学评价，本文基于高速综合检测列车采集的轨道几何和车辆动态响应数据，提出了多源动态检测数据里程同步处理与周期性特征提取方法，获取了多源动态检测数据在轨道板周期性不平顺区段的时域、频域特征；构造了融合同步压缩小波变换与变形量计数法的轨道板周期性不平顺识别方法，并进一步结合构架垂向加速度提出了轨道板周期性不平顺综合评价方法。研究结果表明：提出的识别方法能够有效筛查轨道板周期性不平顺区段并判定其严重程度，当滑动窗长度取50 m，轨道板周期性不平顺变形量Ⅰ、Ⅱ级阈值分别取0.8、1.5 mm，对应比例参数均取3/4时，可在识别准确率与漏检率之间达到较好的平衡，识别准确率达92%；基于3条轨道板周期性不平顺较为显著的高铁线路实测数据，得出4~7 m波段构架垂向加速度与轨道板周期性不平顺存在较强的相关性，4~7 m波段构架垂向加速度95%分位数处在3.9~8.5 m·s-2，可将4~7 m波段构架垂向加速度按连续5波超出阈值5 m·s-2来评价轨道板周期性不平顺的影响。该方法可为精准诊断高铁轨道服役状态、科学指导养护维修作业提供技术参考。Abstract: To achieve precise identification and scientific evaluation of periodic irregularity of track slabs on high-speed railway, based on the track geometry and vehicle dynamic response data collected from high-speed comprehensive inspection trains, a method for synchronous mileage treatment and periodic feature extraction from multi-source dynamic inspection data was proposed, and the time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of multi-source dynamic inspection data in the periodic irregularity section of track slab were obtained. A method for identifying periodic irregularity of track slabs was constructed by integrating synchrosqueezed wavelet transform and deformation counting method. A comprehensive evaluation method for the periodic irregularity of track slabs was proposed by combining the vertical acceleration of the frame. Research results indicate that the proposed identification method can effectively capture the periodic irregularity of track slabs and evaluate the severity. As the sliding window length is set to 50 m, the threshold values for periodic irregularity deformation of track slabs are set to 0.8 mm for level Ⅰ and 1.5 mm for level Ⅱ, with the corresponding proportional parameters both set to 3/4; a good balance can be achieved between identification accuracy and missed detection rate, and the identification accuracy can reach 92%. Based on measured data from three high-speed railway lines with significant periodic irregularity of track slabs, it is concluded that there is a strong correlation between the vertical acceleration of the frame and periodic irregularity of track slabs in the 4-7 m wavelength band. The 95% quantile of the vertical acceleration of the frame in the 4-7 m wavelength band is between 3.9 and 8.5 m·s-2. The vertical acceleration of the frame in the 4-7 m wavelength band can be evaluated for the impact of periodic irregularity of track slabs by exceeding the threshold of 5 m·s-2 for 5 consecutive waves. This method provides guidance for accurately diagnosing the service status of high-speed railway tracks and scientifically conducting maintenance and repair operations.
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图 3 高速铁路典型周期性轨道不平顺的时频分布
Figure 3. Time-frequency distribution of typical periodic track irregularity on high-speed railway
图 4 车辆动态响应数据里程校正效果
Figure 4. Mileage correction effect of vehicle dynamics response data
图 5 车辆动态响应数据4~7 m带通滤波效果
Figure 5. 4-7 m bandpass filtering effect on vehicle dynamics response data
图 7 轨道板周期性不平顺快速识别方法
Figure 7. Rapid identification method for periodic irregularity of track slab
图 8 轨道板周期性不平顺变形量累积分布
Figure 8. Cumulative distribution of periodic irregularity deformation of track slab
图 10 轨道板周期性不平顺识别结果
Figure 10. Identification result of periodic irregularity of track slab
图 11 4~7 m波段高低不平顺与车辆动态响应分布
Figure 11. Distribution of longitudinal level and vehicle dynamic response of 4-7 m wavelength band
图 12 4~7 m波段高低不平顺幅值分布
Figure 12. Amplitude distribution of longitudinal level of 4-7 m wavelength band
图 13 4~7 m波段构架垂向加速度幅值分布
Figure 13. Amplitude distribution of vertical acceleration of frame of 4-7 m wavelength band
图 14 轨道板周期性不平顺识别结果
Figure 14. Identification result of periodic irregularity in track slab
表 1 4~7 m波段高低不平顺及车辆动态响应的95%分位数
Table 1. 95% percentile of longitudinal level and vehicle dynamic response of 4-7 m wavelength band
数据集 数据集名称 4~7 m波段高低不平顺/mm 4~7 m波段垂向加速度/(m·s-2) 左侧轴箱 右侧轴箱 构架 车体 1 线路1test1 0.39 4.4 4.4 5.4 0.36 2 线路1test2 0.46 4.5 5.0 3.9 0.18 3 线路1test3 0.51 4.7 4.9 4.3 0.23 4 线路2test1 0.52 5.2 9.3 4.5 0.13 5 线路2test2 0.52 5.4 10.1 4.8 0.14 6 线路2test3 0.53 5.5 10.4 5.6 0.13 7 线路2test4 0.58 6.6 11.7 6.2 0.14 8 线路3test1 0.67 7.1 13.3 6.9 0.12 9 线路3test2 0.69 8.7 7.9 8.5 0.10 
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表 2 轨道板周期性不平顺评判规则
Table 2. Evaluation rule for periodic irregularity of track slab
变形量计数结果 严重程度 N2, i≥N0, ik2 周期性显著(Ⅱ级) N1, i≥N0, ik1且N2, iN0, ik2 周期性一般(Ⅰ级) N1, iN0, ik1且N2, iN0, ik2 无明显周期性
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表 3 比例参数对识别准确率的影响
Table 3. Impact of proportional parameters on identification accuracy
比例参数k1 识别准确率/% 1/2 84 3/4 92 1 86
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表 4 滑动窗长度对识别准确率的影响
Table 4. Impact of sliding window length on identification accuracy
滑动窗长度/m 识别存在周期性不平顺单元个数 识别准确率/% 相较于窗长50 m的漏检率/% 50 905 92 0 100 607 96 30 200 391 97 54
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表 5 轨道板周期性不平顺变形量统计
Table 5. Statistics of periodic irregularity deformation of track slab
序号 里程/km 变形量/mm 程度 序号 里程/km 变形量/mm 程度 序号 里程/km 变形量/mm 程度 1 283.893 1.30 一般 11 283.943 1.58 显著 21 283.994 1.55 显著 2 283.898 0.93 一般 12 283.948 1.40 显著 22 283.999 1.34 一般 3 283.903 1.26 一般 13 283.953 2.31 显著 23 284.003 0.73 一般 4 283.908 1.23 一般 14 283.958 1.60 显著 24 284.008 1.48 一般 5 283.913 1.79 一般 15 283.963 1.80 显著 25 284.014 1.82 一般 6 283.918 1.46 一般 16 283.968 1.55 显著 26 284.019 2.33 一般 7 283.923 1.78 一般 17 283.973 1.87 显著 27 284.024 1.34 一般 8 283.928 1.74 一般 18 283.978 1.63 显著 28 284.029 1.42 一般 9 283.933 1.90 一般 19 283.984 1.44 显著 29 284.034 1.28 一般 10 283.938 1.13 一般 20 283.989 1.85 显著 30 284.039 2.18 一般
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