Repair of damaged hinge joints in hollow slab bridges using local prestress from U-shaped Fe-SMA rebars
Article Text (Baidu Translation)
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摘要: 为研究铁基形状记忆合金（Fe-SMA）筋产生的局部预应力对空心板桥损伤铰缝的修复效果，提出了基于Fe-SMA筋局部预应力技术的铰缝损伤快速修复方法，即以U形Fe-SMA筋替换铰缝内原本配置的传统U形钢筋，利用其升温激励后产生的局部横向预应力快速恢复铰缝横向传力性能；搭建了由6片空心板梁组成的1/4缩尺模型，在铰缝处人为引入损伤，并开展多工况静力加载试验；采用所提方法修复损伤铰缝并重复上述加载试验，并在4#板梁处进行极限加载试验；结合有限元分析，评估了不同铰缝损伤程度和不同Fe-SMA筋回复应力水平下的修复效果。试验与有限元分析结果表明：铰缝损伤显著削弱其传力性能，导致各工况下荷载横向分布系数呈现非规律性波动；修复后，荷载横向分布趋于均匀，受荷板梁的跨中挠度降低23.2%~33.7%，荷载横向分布系数峰值降低14.29%~27.17%，纵向钢筋应变降低25.6%~34.0%；随着损伤程度加剧，铰缝传力能力逐渐下降，铰缝状态由完好向损伤过渡；施加330 MPa局部预应力后，各损伤程度下的铰缝传力能力基本恢复至完好水平；增大Fe-SMA筋的回复应力可提升铰缝传力性能，但过高的预应力会增大界面应力水平，增强效果逐渐趋于饱和。Abstract: To investigate the repair effect of local prestress generated by iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) rebars on damaged hinge joints in hollow slab bridges, a rapid repair method for damaged hinge joints based on the local prestress technique using Fe-SMA rebars was proposed. In this method, the conventional U-shaped rebars originally arranged in the hinge joints were replaced with U-shaped Fe-SMA rebars, and the local transverse prestress generated after thermal activation was utilized to rapidly restore the transverse load transfer performance of the hinge joints. A 1/4-scale model consisting of six hollow slab beams was constructed, damage was artificially introduced into the hinge joints, and static loading tests were conducted under multiple loading conditions. The proposed method was then used to repair the damaged hinge joints, and the above loading tests were repeated. An ultimate loading test was finally carried out on slab beam No. 4. Finite element analysis was also conducted to evaluate the repair effect under different levels of hinge joint damage and Fe-SMA recovery stress. The experimental and finite element analysis results show that hinge joint damage significantly weakens the load transfer performance, leading to irregular fluctuations in the load transverse distribution coefficient under various loading conditions. After repair, the load transverse distribution tends to be uniform. The midspan deflection of the loaded slab beams decreases by 23.2%-33.7%, the peak value of the load transverse distribution coefficient decreases by 14.29%-27.17%, and the longitudinal reinforcement strain decreases by 25.6%-34.0%. As the damage level increases, the load transfer capacity of the hinge joints decreases, and their condition transitions from intact to damaged. After applying a local prestress of 330 MPa, the load transfer capacity of the hinge joints under various damage levels is essentially restored to the intact level. Increasing the recovery stress of the Fe-SMA rebars enhances the load transfer performance. However, excessively high prestress increases the interfacial stress level, and the enhancement effect gradually approaches saturation.
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图 2 空心板桥缩尺模型尺寸（单位：mm）
Figure 2. Dimensions of hollow slab bridge scaled model (unit: mm)
图 7 Fe-SMA筋激励过程中的温度-时间曲线
Figure 7. Temperature-time curves of Fe-SMA rebars during activation
图 9 纵筋应变与应变横向分布系数
Figure 9. Longitudinal reinforcement strains and strain transverse distribution coefficients
图 13 切向和法向牵引-分离特性
Figure 13. Tangential and normal traction-separation characteristics
图 14 铰接板法与有限元模型计算的荷载横向分布系数对比
Figure 14. Fig.14Comparison of load transverse distribution coefficients calculated by hinge slab method and finite element model
图 15 不同开裂高度占比下铰缝相对位移
Figure 15. Relative displacements of hinge joint at different crack height ratios
图 16 典型预应力水平下铰缝残余界面损伤起始变量I和界面损伤变量D
Figure 16. Damage initiation variable I and damage variable D of hinge joint residual interface under typical prestress levels
表 1 Fe-SMA筋力学性能
Table 1. Mechanical properties of Fe-SMA rebar
类型 弹性模量/GPa 名义屈服强度/MPa 极限应变/10-2 极限强度/MPa 回复应力/MPa 无预应变 180 597 27.2 887 6×10-2预应变 162 525 24.3 933 330 注：名义屈服强度是指0.2%的塑性应变（也即永久变形量为原始长度的0.2%）时所产生的应力。 
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表 2 HRB400钢筋力学性能
Table 2. Mechanical properties of HRB400 rebars
公称直径/mm 弹性模量/GPa 屈服强度/MPa 极限强度/MPa 极限应变/10-2 6 198±5 436±2 656±5 15.3±0.6 8 202±3 425±4 654±3 17.5±0.2 10 190±6 451±2 619±2 16.2±1.2
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表 3 损伤与修复状态下受荷板梁跨中挠度
Table 3. Midspan deflection of loaded slab beams in damaged and repaired states
工况 受荷板梁 损伤状态挠度/mm 修复状态挠度/mm 减小比例/% 1 1# 3.79 2.51 33.70 2 2# 2.39 1.84 23.20 3 3# 2.11 1.48 30.10 4 4# 1.86 1.43 23.30 5 5# 2.50 1.75 29.80 6 6# 3.44 2.53 26.50
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表 4 铰缝传力性能状态评定
Table 4. Evaluation for hinge joint load transfer performance states
$ a $取值 对应8 m跨径桥梁跨中相对位移/mm 铰缝状态 $ a\le 0.14 $ $ \mathrm{\Delta }U\le 0.11 $ 完好 $ 0.14 < a < 0.57 $ $ 0.11 < \mathrm{\Delta }U < 0.45 $ 损伤 $ a\ge 0.57 $ $ \mathrm{\Delta }U\ge 0.45 $ 破坏
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表 5 不同预应力水平下相对位移
Table 5. Relative displacements under different prestress levels
预应力/MPa 0 176 250 300 330 350 394 相对位移$ \mathrm{\Delta }U $/mm 0.158 3 0.086 7 0.074 7 0.072 7 0.072 1 0.073 3 0.073 6
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