基于足尺加速加载试验与有限元模型的机场沥青刻槽道面寿命分析

王强; 卢尚泽; 张润峰; 高艺霞; 花莺菡

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2026.240

基于足尺加速加载试验与有限元模型的机场沥青刻槽道面寿命分析

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2026.240

中国民航大学交通科学与工程学院, 天津 300300

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划 2021YFB2600500

详细信息

作者简介:
王强(1962-)，男，北京人，教授，博士生导师，工学博士，E-mail：wang@cauc.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张润峰(1979-)，男，河北宁晋人，讲师，工学博士，E-mail：rfzhang@cauc.edu.cn

中图分类号: U416.217
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-30
- 录用日期: 2026-03-20
- 修回日期: 2026-02-25
- 刊出日期: 2026-08-28

Service life analysis of airport grooved asphalt pavements based on full-scale accelerated loading tests and finite element modeling

College of Transportation Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China

Funds:

National Key R&D Program of China 2021YFB2600500

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Run-feng, lecturer, PhD, E-mail: rfzhang@cauc.edu.cn

Article Text (Baidu Translation)

摘要

摘要: 相较于水泥混凝土道面，沥青道面刻槽在中国机场应用尚不广泛，且缺乏系统的检测评估技术与寿命演化规律研究。针对上述问题，本文依托足尺加速加载试验，开展沥青道面矩形刻槽与梯形刻槽的变形对比研究。采用高精度数据采集系统与扫描叠加算法，有效消除激光扫描盲区，获得了连续可靠的刻槽形态演变数据；基于试验数据分析，建立了考虑沥青材料黏塑性本构关系的数值模型，提出了刻槽形态随加载次数增加的稳态衰减斜率方程。研究结果表明：在相同荷载条件下，梯形刻槽道面的使用寿命约比矩形刻槽长25%，表现出显著的抗变形优势；在初始加载阶段，刻槽产生的初始变形约为总变形量的1/3，表明早期结构承载对刻槽形态衰减具有重要影响；结合机场道面结构设计软件计算的结构寿命结果，对比刻槽变形数据表明，沥青刻槽寿命显著低于道面结构寿命，刻槽性能成为限制道面服役性能的重要因素；建议在施工阶段适当增加刻槽深度盈余量，并加强刻槽修复与养护技术研究，以延长沥青道面刻槽使用寿命。本研究通过揭示典型刻槽形式的力学响应与寿命差异，为沥青道面刻槽结构优化设计、施工控制及养护决策提供了理论依据和工程参考。
- 机场道面 /
- 沥青道面 /
- 足尺加速加载试验 /
- 道面寿命 /
- 刻槽道面 /
- 有限元
Abstract: Compared with cement concrete pavements, asphalt pavement grooving has not been widely applied for airports in China. There is limited systematic research on inspection and evaluation methods as well as the long-term evolution law of service life. To address these issues, a comparative investigation was conducted on the deformation characteristics between rectangular and trapezoidal grooves in asphalt pavements based on full-scale accelerated loading tests. During testing, a high-precision data acquisition system combined with a scanning superposition algorithm was employed to effectively eliminate laser scanning blind zones, enabling continuous and reliable data on groove morphology evolution. Based on the experimental data analysis, a numerical model was developed, incorporating the viscoplastic constitutive relation of asphalt materials. A steady-state degradation equation of groove morphology with increasing load repetitions was proposed. Research results show that, under identical loading conditions, the service life of trapezoidal grooves is approximately 25% longer than that of rectangular grooves, demonstrating a significant advantage in deformation resistance. Additionally, during the initial loading stage, the initial groove deformation accounts for approximately one-third of the total deformation, highlighting the critical influence of early structural load-bearing on groove performance degradation. Furthermore, structural life predictions were obtained from airport pavement design software. By comparing with groove deformation data, it is found that the service life of asphalt grooves is significantly shorter than the structural life of the pavement. Therefore, groove performance becomes a key factor limiting overall pavement service performance. Accordingly, it is recommended to provide an appropriate additional groove depth allowance during construction and to enhance research on groove rehabilitation and maintenance technologies in order to extend the service life of asphalt pavement grooving. In this study, the mechanical response and service life differences between typical groove forms are revealed, providing a theoretical basis and engineering reference for the optimized design, construction control, and maintenance decision-making of asphalt pavement grooving.
- airport pavement /
- asphalt pavement /
- full-scale accelerated loading test /
- service life /
- grooved pavement /
- finite element

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图 1 矩形槽与梯形槽几何尺寸(单位: mm)

Figure 1. Geometric dimensions of rectangular and trapezoidal grooves (unit: mm)

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图 2 刻槽区域示意

Figure 2. Schematic of the grooved area

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图 3 激光传感器扫描示意

Figure 3. Schematic of laser sensor scanning

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图 4 刻槽扫描数据叠加处理过程及结果

Figure 4. Superposition processing procedure and results of groove scanning data

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图 5 不同刻槽形式几何参数随加载次数的变化

Figure 5. Variations in geometric parameters of different groove shapes with load repetitions

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图 6 不同刻槽形式平均几何参数随加载次数的变化及拟合结果

Figure 6. Variations and fitting results of the mean geometric parameters of different groove shapes with load repetitions

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图 7 矩形刻槽和梯形刻槽的有限元网格

Figure 7. Finite element meshes of rectangular and trapezoidal grooves

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图 8 矩形刻槽的变形和应力分布

Figure 8. Deformation and stress distribution of rectangular grooves

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图 9 梯形刻槽的变形和应力分布

Figure 9. Deformation and stress distribution of trapezoidal grooves

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图 10 有限元刻槽模型的拟合结果

Figure 10. Fitting results of the finite element groove model

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表 1 加载测试载荷参数

Table 1. Parameters of the applied loads in the loading test

轮胎参数	取值
轮胎接地压力/MPa	1.76
单轮荷载/kN	245
加载轮数量	6(三轴双轮)
横向轮隙宽度/cm	106.5
纵向轮隙长度/cm	91.7

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表 2 加载测试的刻槽深度

Table 2. Groove depths in the loading test

参数		刻槽区1深度/mm		刻槽区2深度/mm		刻槽区3深度/mm
参数		梯形槽	矩形槽	梯形槽	矩形槽	梯形槽	矩形槽
加载次数	0	3.904 0	6.504 9	4.450 1	5.628 6	6.477 0	5.567 7
	660	3.487 4	6.024 9	4.051 3	5.146 0	6.019 8	5.214 6
	30 000	3.327 4	5.034 3	3.779 5	4.097 0	5.458 5	4.213 9
初始变形占比/%		71.99	32.60	59.49	31.65	45.06	26.18

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表 3 加载测试的刻槽横截面积

Table 3. Cross-sectional areas of grooves in the loading test

参数		刻槽区1横截面积/mm²		刻槽区2横截面积/mm²		刻槽区3横截面积/mm²
参数		梯形槽	矩形槽	梯形槽	矩形槽	梯形槽	矩形槽
加载次数	0	33.161 2	41.870 9	39.354 8	37.612 8	64.451 5	35.741 9
	660	29.354 8	36.064 4	35.290 3	32.322 5	57.548 3	31.935 4
	30 000	26.967 7	29.483 8	31.677 4	23.870 9	47.935 4	24.064 4
初始变形占比/%		61.29	46.93	52.81	38.32	41.89	32.56

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表 4 沥青面层模型参数

Table 4. Parameters of the asphalt surface layer model

材料	回弹模量/MPa	泊松比	蠕变系数	应力指数	时间指数
AC-25	400	0.35	4.0×10^-8	0.776	-0.571

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表 5 屈服应力-塑性应变关系

Table 5. Relationship between yield stress and plastic strain

应力/MPa	0.026	0.116	0.200	0.300	0.350
应变/10^-3	0	2.065	3.478	4.891	5.761

应力/MPa	0.400	0.452	0.504	0.544	0.564
应变/10^-3	7.065	10.000	14.891	20.000	24.783

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表 6 国内外对刻槽尺寸的规定

Table 6. Regulations on groove dimensions at home and abroad mm

检测指标	技术指标及最大允许偏差
检测指标	中国民用航空管理局规范要求	美国联邦航空管理局规范要求
槽深	5或8	6±1.6
槽宽	5或8	6±1.6

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表 7 道面各结构层材料参数

Table 7. Material parameters of pavement structural layers

结构层	材料编号	回弹模量/MPa	泊松比
沥青面层	P-401	1 379	0.30
粒料基层	P-154	145	0.35
土基	SUBGRADE	57	0.40

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