Vibration and noise characteristics analysis and evaluation methods for maglev transportation system vehicles
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摘要:
提出了磁浮车辆振噪数据检测与评估方案，采用研制的便携式添乘仪可低成本、高频次地检测磁浮车辆振噪数据，修正了惯性传感器坐标系的姿态偏差，分析了磁浮车辆振动特性；采用ISO 2631-1:1997计权加速度、Sperling平稳性指标和A计权声压级评估磁浮车辆运行品质，并自主估计了检测数据的速度和里程信息。研究结果表明：上海和长沙磁浮添乘仪垂向修正角度分别为0.08°和0.95°，水平向修正角度分别为0.82°和3.45°，两者车体纵向加速度和横向加速度振动主频在10 Hz内，车体垂向加速度振动主频分别在40、30 Hz内，采样频率可以满足检测需求；上海磁浮ISO 2631-1:1997计权加速度最大幅值为0.9 m·s-2，其一级和二级超限比例分别为95.5%和71.1%，车辆横向和垂向Sperling平稳性指标最大幅值分别为2.64和2.73，一级超限比例分别为0.96%和69.8%，A计权声压级最大值为73.8 dB(A)，超出70 dB(A)比例约78.2%，表明上海磁浮车辆运行品质良好；长沙磁浮ISO 2631-1:1997计权加速度、车体横向和垂向Sperling平稳性指标最大幅值分别为0.26 m·s-2、2.32和2.15，均小于一级限值，表明长沙磁浮车辆运行品质为优；各评价指标在磁浮线路经纬度坐标系下的可视化直观反映磁浮车辆运行品质的沿线分布。该方法可为磁浮轨道运维部门精准调控不同里程位置的磁浮轨道服役状态提供数据支撑。
Abstract:A scheme for detecting and evaluating vibration and noise data of maglev vehicles was proposed, and the self-developed portable on-board device was employed to collect vibration and noise data of maglev vehicles at low cost and high frequency. The attitude deviation of the inertial sensor coordinate system was corrected, and the vibration characteristics of maglev vehicles were analyzed. The running quality of maglev vehicles was evaluated by adopting the ISO 2631-1:1997 weighted acceleration, Sperling ride-comfort index, and A-weighted sound level, and the speed and mileage information from the measured data were autonomously estimated. The results show that the vertical correction angles of the on-board device for the Shanghai and Changsha maglev systems are 0.08° and 0.95°, respectively, and the horizontal correction angles are 0.82° and 3.45°, respectively. The dominant frequencies of longitudinal and lateral car-body vibrations for both systems are within 10 Hz, while those of vertical car-body vibration are within 40 Hz for the Shanghai maglev system and within 30 Hz for the Changsha maglev system. The sampling frequency meets the detection requirements. For the Shanghai maglev system, the maximum ISO 2631-1:1997 weighted acceleration is 0.9 m·s-2, with exceedance ratios of 95.5% for level Ⅰ and 71.1% for level Ⅱ. The maximum Sperling ride-comfort indexes for lateral and vertical directions are 2.64 and 2.73, with level Ⅰ exceedance ratios of 0.96% and 69.8% respectively. The maximum A-weighted sound level is 73.8 dB(A), and the ratio exceeding 70 dB(A) is approximately 78.2%, indicating that the running quality of the vehicles in the Shanghai maglev system is good. For the Changsha maglev system, the maximum ISO 2631-1:1997 weighted acceleration, Sperling indexes for the lateral and vertical directions are 0.26 m·s-2, 2.32, and 2.15, respectively, all below the level Ⅰ limits, which indicates that the running quality of maglev vehicles in the Changsha maglev system is excellent. Visualizing various evaluation indicators in the longitude-latitude coordinate system of the maglev line intuitively reflects the along line distribution of the maglev vehicles' running quality. This method can provide data support for the maglev track operation and maintenance department to precisely regulate the service status of maglev tracks at different mileage locations.
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图 1 磁浮车辆振噪数据检测与评估流程示意
Figure 1. Schematic of vibration and noise data detection and evaluation process for maglev vehicles
图 3 磁浮车辆振噪数据现场采集
Figure 3. Field collection of vibration and noise data for maglev vehicles
图 4 便携式添乘仪检测的上海磁浮车辆振噪数据
Figure 4. Vibration and noise data of Shanghai maglev vehicles detected by portable on-board devices
图 5 便携式添乘仪检测的长沙磁浮车辆振噪数据
Figure 5. Vibration and noise data of Changsha maglev vehicles detected by portable on-board devices
图 6 磁浮车体加速度水平向角度偏差估计结果
Figure 6. Estimation results of horizontal angular deviation of maglev vehicle body acceleration
图 7 上海磁浮车体加速度数据姿态修正结果
Figure 7. Coordinate correction results of Shanghai maglev vehicle body acceleration data
图 8 长沙磁浮车体加速度数据姿态修正结果
Figure 8. Coordinate correction results of Changsha maglev vehicle body acceleration data
图 9 上海磁浮车体加速度数据功率谱密度和时频特征
Figure 9. PSD and time-frequency characteristics of vehicle body acceleration for Shanghai maglev
图 10 长沙磁浮车体加速度数据功率谱密度和时频特征
Figure 10. PSD and time-frequency characteristics of vehicle body acceleration for Changsha maglev
图 11 磁浮车内噪声数据功率谱密度和时频特征
Figure 11. PSD and time-frequency characteristics of maglev vehicle noise
图 12 磁浮列车运行速度和里程估计结果
Figure 12. Estimation results of the maglev train speed and mileage
图 13 里程定位后的上海磁浮车辆三向加速度、摇头角速度和声压数据
Figure 13. Three directional acceleration, yaw rate, and sound pressure data of Shanghai maglev vehicle after mileage positioning
图 14 里程定位后的长沙磁浮车辆三向加速度、摇头角速度和声压数据
Figure 14. Three directional accelerations, yaw rate, and sound pressure data of Changsha maglev vehicle after mileage positioning
图 15 上海磁浮车辆运行品质评价指标
Figure 15. Evaluation indexes of vehicle running quality for Shanghai maglev
图 16 长沙磁浮车辆运行品质评价指标
Figure 16. Evaluation indexes of vehicle running quality for Changsha maglev
图 17 上海磁浮线路经纬度坐标下各评价指标的分布
Figure 17. Evaluation index distributions in latitude and longitude coordinates of Shanghai maglev line
图 18 长沙磁浮线路经纬度坐标下各评价指标的分布
Figure 18. Evaluation index distributions in latitude and longitude coordinates of Changsha maglev line
表 1 便携式添乘仪主要技术参数
Table 1. Main technical parameters of portable on-board device
项目 参数 技术指标 惯性传感器 量程 ±16g 采样频率/Hz 100 轴数 6 精度级别 消费级 麦克风 采样频率/kHz 22 电源 电压/容量 12 V/20 000 mA·h 采集方式 时间同步 各通道数据时间戳一致 
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