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摘要: 分析了对外客运枢纽的特点, 从交通规划决策者和用户角度出发, 采用双层规划模型进行城市对外客运枢纽布局优化。上层规划模型从交通规划决策者的角度出发, 优化对外客运枢纽布局, 使得枢纽出行者出行时间总体最省; 下层从用户的角度出发, 采用随机用户平衡模型来描述用户的出行规律, 合理安排出行者的出行路线。上层模型采用遗传算法求解, 下层模型采用连续平均法求解。算例结果表明: 在至多允许建设3、4、5个枢纽的约束条件下, 最优适应度在进化100代以内达到恒定, 收敛速度较快, 该模型有效。Abstract: The features of external passenger transport hub were analyzed, and a bi-level planning model of hub layout was established from the views of transport policy-makers and users. The upper-level model was from the perspective of policy-makers, its target was the minimum of time consumptions of all travelers by optimizing hub layout, and it was solved by genetic algorithm. The lower-level model was from the perspective of users, the traveling characteristics of passengers were described, the rational routes of passengers were arranged by adopting stochastic user equilibrium model, and the lower-level model was solved by the method of successive averages. Example result indicates that under the constraints that three, four or five transport hubs are allowed to be constructed at most, the optimal fitness of the model reaches a constant value with 100 generations of evolution, and its convergence rate is fast, so the bi-level planning model is valid.
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图 1 旅客出发地(目的地)与对外客运枢纽关系
Figure 1. Relation between passengers' OD and external passenger transport hub
表 1 小区间的交通需求
OD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 东 南 西 北 发生量 1 0 292 58 107 266 80 63 77 81 177 126 42 228 274 320 365 2 556 2 292 0 115 170 501 86 72 87 93 113 83 34 228 274 320 365 2 833 3 58 115 0 285 270 51 76 68 84 40 33 16 228 274 320 365 2 283 4 107 170 285 0 455 182 443 326 530 100 83 58 228 274 320 365 3 926 5 266 501 270 455 0 322 229 280 402 199 278 85 228 274 320 365 4 474 6 80 86 51 182 322 0 193 410 232 138 104 122 228 274 320 365 3 107 7 63 72 76 443 229 193 0 857 296 96 63 78 228 274 320 365 3 653 8 77 87 68 326 280 410 856 0 235 160 79 160 228 274 320 365 3 925 9 81 93 84 530 402 232 296 235 0 93 94 52 228 274 320 365 3 379 10 177 113 40 100 199 138 96 160 93 0 116 138 228 274 320 365 2 557 11 126 83 33 84 278 104 63 79 94 116 0 36 228 274 320 365 2 283 12 42 34 16 58 85 122 78 160 52 138 36 0 228 274 320 365 2 008 东 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 0 0 0 0 2 736 南 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 0 0 0 0 3 288 西 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 0 0 0 0 3 840 北 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 0 0 0 0 4 380 吸引量 2 556 2 833 2 283 3 927 4 474 3 107 3 652 3 926 3 379 2 557 2 282 2 008 2 736 3 288 3 840 4 380 51 228 
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表 2 不同约束条件下的最优方案
Table 2. Optimal strategies under different constraint conditions
条件 最优方案 最优适应度 1 10100010 810 165 2 10101010 745 642 3 11101010 731 262
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